May 21, 2020

Ingliz tilida zamon tushunchasi

🔸Dunyodagi deyarli barcha tillarda zamon kategoriyasi mavjud.

🔸Ingliz tilida zamon tushunchasi “tense” atamasi bilan ifodalanadi.

🔸Macmillian English Dictionary for Advanced Learners lug'atida zamon quyidagicha izohlangan:

▪️tense – a form of verb used for showing when something happens. For example, ‘I goʻ is the present tense and ‘I went’ is the past tense.

ℹ️Ya'ni, zamon- bu biror ish-harakatning qachon sodir boʻlganligini koʻrsatadigan fe’l shaklidir, Masalan “Men boraman” - bu hozirgi zamon, “Men bordim” esa oʻtgan zamondir.

💡Demak, zamon ish-harakatning qachon bajaril(ayot)ganligi nazarda tutadi.

▶️Xulosa: Ish-harakat qachon bajarilayotganligi yoki bajarilganligiga qarab oʻzimizga kerak boʻlgan grammatik qoliplarni (zamonlar shakli) tanlaymiz.

💡Ingliz tilida zamonlar 4 ta katta guruhga boʻlinib oʻrganiladi:

1️⃣Present Tenses: (Hozirgi zamonlar guruhi):

🔸Present Continuous Tense

🔸Present Simple Tense

🔸Present Perfect Tense

🔸Present Perfect Continuous Tense

2️⃣Past Tenses (Oʻtgan zamonlar guruhi):

🔸Past Continuous Tense

🔸Past Simple Tense

🔸Past Perfect Tense

🔸Past Perfect Continuous Tense

3️⃣Future Tenses (Kelasi zamonlar guruhi):

🔸Future Continuous Tense

🔸Future Simple Tense

🔸Future Perfect Tense

🔸Future Perfect Continuous Tense

4️⃣Future in the Past Tenses (Oʻtgan kelasi zamonlar guruhi)

🔸Future Continuous in the Past Tense

🔸Future Simple in the Past Tense

🔸Future Perfect in the Past Tense

🔸Future Perfect Continuous in the Past Tense

💡E’tibor bergan boʻlsangiz, har bir zamon guruhidagi zamonlarda harakatning qay tarzda bajarilishini ifodalashda umumiylik mavjud:

▪️continuous – davomiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning davomiyligi ta'kidlanadi.

🔸I am working – Men ishlayapman. (Present continuous)

🔸I was working - Men ishlayotgan edim. (Past continuous)

🔸I will be working - Men ishlayotgan bo'laman. (Future continuous)

▪️simple- oddiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning sodir boʻlishi yoki boʻlganligi ta'kidlanadi.

🔸I work every day– Men har kuni ishlayman. (Present simple)

🔸I worked yesterday - Men kecha ishladim.(Past simple)

🔸I will work tomorrow - Men ertaga ishlayman. (Future simple)

▪️perfect – tugallangan oddiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning tugallanganligi va natijasi mavjudligi ta'kidlanadi.

🔸I have finished the book – Men kitobni tugatdim. (Present perfect)

🔸I had finished the book - Men kitobni tugatgan edim.(Past perfect)

🔸I will have finished the book - Men kitobni tugatgan bo'laman. (Future perfect)

▪️perfect continuous – tugallangan davomiy zamonlarda ish-harakatning qancha muddat davom etganligi ta'kidlanadi.

🔸I have been working for four hours – Men toʻrt soatdan beri ishlayapman.(Present perfect continuous)

🔸I had been working for four hours – Men toʻrt soatdan beri ishlayotgan edim. (Past perfect continuous)

🔸I will have been working for four hours – Men toʻrt soatdan beri ishlayayotgan bo'laman.(Future perfect continuous)

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Muallif: Khamdambek Atajanov


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