Lesson 15. Present Perfect vs Past Simple.

Task 2.

Task 3. Translate the following sentences in English:

1. Могу я видеть Джона? — Боюсь, что нет. Он уехал в Москву. -Когда он уехал? — Два дня назад.
2. Вы уже сделали это упражнение? — Нет, я перевела только 10 предложений.
3. Вы уже сдали все экзамены? — Нет, мы сдали только два. — Сколько экзаменов вы сдавали в прошлом году? — Пять.
4. Почему Аня такая грустная? — Она поссорилась с Ником. — Боже, сколько раз они ссорились в этом месяце? — Думаю, много раз.
5. Как вы провели зимние каникулы? — Очень хорошо. 31 декабря у нас была новогодняя вечеринка, мы танцевали, смотрели телевизор, а вечером пошли гулять. 2 января мы ездили за город.

`Reading and discussing`

Sloth myth 6 – Sloths carry contagious diseases

Among many local people in Costa Rica, there is a strong misconception that sloths carry the feared “papalomoyo”, a disease commonly known as Leishmaniasis. This disease is actually caused by a protozoan flesh-eating parasite called ‘Leishmania’.

Sloths are, in scientific terms, a ‘reservoir’ for leishmania, but so are many other mammals – including dogs! There is no way a sloth can transmit leishmaniasis to a human – this only happens through the bite of an infected sandfly.

Sandflies are incredibly small, but their bites hurt and itch for days!

Sloth myth 7 – Sloths are slow because they are intoxicated

No, sloths are not “stoned” on leaves! And the fermentation process that occurs in the stomach doesn’t render them drunk either. There are several different factors underlying the sloth's slowness: poor vision, predator avoidance, a low-calorie diet, specialized muscle fibers, a slow rate of digestion, and a low metabolic rate.

Not enough toxins to get doped up in this leaf

Sloth myth 8 – Sloths sleep for 20 hours per day

Sloths don’t actually sleep that much at all – research has shown that on average, wild sloths only sleep for 8-10 hours a day. In comparison, the similarly sized howler monkey sleeps for 15 hours a day, while koalas will regularly clock up 20 hours!

Sloths in zoos, sanctuaries, and rescue centers might sleep a lot more than their wild counterparts due to the ease of captivity, but this certainly doesn’t apply to life in the jungle.

Howler monkeys and koalas (and human teenagers) sleep much more than sloths do!

Sloth myth 9 – The biggest myth of al: sloths are lazy

“The lowest form of existence …one more defect and they could not have existed.” This glowing report is how sloths officially entered the scientific literature back in the 18th century by Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon. Sloths were named after the deadly sin of being “slothful”, and they were unceremoniously given the title of being the world’s laziest animal. That is a hard reputation to bounce back from!

However, as we have already described above, sloths don’t actually sleep that much. They are slow and careful – which has tricked scientists into wrongly believing that they just sleep all day. Being slow is far from lazy. It is an unbelievably successful survival strategy!

`Homework`

Task 1.

Task 2. Translate the sentences in English:

1. Где вы были вчера вечером? Я звонила вам несколько раз, но никто не ответил. — Я был у Тани (дома).

2. Что случилось? — Джон упал и сломал ногу. — Где он сейчас? — Скорая помощь отвезла его в больницу.

3. Вчера показывали что-нибудь интересное по телевизору? — Не знаю, я не смотрела. Я очень устала и рано легла спать.

4. Где Джон? — Он все еще в больнице. Он уже там две недели.