Lesson 17. Gerund or infinitive? Part II

`Grammar`

Full infinitive is used when:

To express the purpose of the action.

I went to the supermarket to buy some food.
I called you to invite for dinner.

After some verbs: afford, agree, arrange, attempt, beg, choose, decide, demand, deserve, expect, hope, manage, need, plan, stop, want.

I want to go to the cinema tonight.
She hopes to get a job.

There is a verb+object+infinitive construction/ construction of interaction(advise, allow, ask, help, invite, want, tell, warn, recommend, teach, expect):

I want you to help me. : verb – want, object – you, infinitive – to help. Max invited his friend to stay in his house.

With various adjectives: easy, nice, good, sorry, happy, glad, difficult, funny, impossible etc.

I was glad to see you.It’s nice to be here.

After such expressions as: would like, would love.

I would like to drink some tea.

Bare infinitive is used when:

After modal verbs: can, may, must, should, shall.
You should come home earlier.

Pete can swim.

There is a make/let + object + bare infinitive construction (construction of interaction).

Steve let his daughter eat one more sweet.

After such expressions as: had better, would rather, would sooner, why not.

Sam would rather stay at home than go to the pub.

Gerund is used when:

As a subject.

Swimming is good for you.

After various verbs together with preposition of (as a subject complement): afraid of, bad at, clever at, disappointed about, excited about, good at, impressed by, interested in, keen on, tired of, worried about.

Sally is afraid of flying.

After certain verbs (as an object): admit, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, deny, enjoy, keep, imagine, miss, stop, permit, suggest.

I can’t help laughing at this joke.

After certain verbal expressions: accuse of, agree with, apologize for, blame for, carry on, complain about, concentrate on, congratulate on, feel like, rely on, look forward to.

Rob was accused of stealing money.

What if...we swap them?

1. Nothing will change:

I love cooking. I love to cook. - Здесь смысл не меняется.

Подобные слова: hate, begin, continue, prefer, start, intend и пр. То есть с ними можно употреблять обе формы без изменения значения.

2. But, wait...

Однако, существуют случаи, когда небольшая разница приводит к достаточно большим отличиям.

EXAMPLES:

Remember.
I remember locking the door.
Please, remember to lock the door.

В первом предложении Вы вышли из дома и засомневались, закрыли ли вы дверь, но потом, убеждая себя в мыслях, Вы вспоминаете: я помню, как я закрывал дверь. Во втором случае Вы напоминаете: пожалуйста, помни закрыть дверь.

Regret.
I regret to say that .

I regret saying that.

Первый вариант выражает отношение к будущему - Вы собираетесь что-то сказать, например, печальную новость, о чем сожалеете.
Во втором случае– Вы уже что-то сказали, и сожалеете о том, что сделали это.

Stop.
Oliver stopped smoking
Oliver stopped to smoke

Первый вариант – прекратил вообще, как привычку. Второй вариант – именно в данный момент прервал действие, например, его кто-то отвлек.

Task 1. Gerund or infinitive? Choose the correct option

Amanda kept on (talk).
You had better (clean) your shoes.
It was nice (talk) to you.
Suzie advised me (buy) this computer.
Before (go) to bed Martin read a book.
Dylan is interested in (watch) videos about politics.
She can’t afford (spend) so much money.
Vera’s father taught her (cycle).
Remember (call) your mom.
Finn stopped (drink) and took a slice of bread.

`Reading and discussing`

Full stop!

For many people a full stop has become a sign of anger and insincerity. Do you relate to these guys as well?

https://breakingnewsenglish.com/2008/200827-full-stop.html

Grammar