Azamjon AbdullayevI'm Front-End Engineer Azamjon Abdullayevhttps://teletype.in/atom/azamjonbro2026-06-08T13:01:01.121Zazamjonbro:bqOZm4Ai-KfJavaScript asoslari2025-04-15T21:42:47.871Z2025-04-15T21:42:47.871ZHozirgi kunga kelib barcha browserlar uchun eng optimal (dynamic) til bolib qolgan js tarixi va uning ichiga birma bir kirib boramiz :)
<p id="t70N">Hozirgi kunga kelib barcha browserlar uchun eng optimal (dynamic) til bolib qolgan js tarixi va uning ichiga birma bir kirib boramiz :)<br /><br /></p>
<h3 id="xErj"><strong>JavaScript (JS)</strong> – bu:</h3>
<ul id="7yeT">
<li id="U0bE"><strong>High-level</strong> (yuqori darajadagi) dasturlash tili.</li>
<li id="x3Hj"><strong>Dinamik tipga ega</strong> – <code>var a = 5;</code> → <code>a</code> har qanday turdagi qiymatga aylanishi mumkin.</li>
<li id="g8Xp"><strong>Interpreted</strong> (tushuntiriluvchi) til — ammo zamonaviy brauzerlar uni <strong>JIT (Just-In-Time)</strong> orqali kompilyatsiya qiladi.</li>
<li id="CSES"><strong>Single-threaded</strong> – bitta ipda ishlaydi, lekin <strong>asinxronlikni</strong> (callback, promise, async/await) qo‘llab-quvvatlaydi.<br /><br /><br /></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="GQqK"><strong> JavaScript tarixi (pot-kapot tarixi) :</strong></h2>
<h3 id="rJZm"> 1995 – Brendan Eich Netscape brauzeri uchun 10 kunda JS'ni yaratdi.</h3>
<ul id="2u7t">
<li id="dj4Q">Dastlab nomi <strong>Mocha</strong>, keyin <strong>LiveScript</strong>, so‘ngra <strong>JavaScript</strong> bo‘ldi (Java’ga hech aloqasi yo‘q – bu marketing uchun bo‘lgan).</li>
<li id="xGJx">Internetning interaktiv bo‘lishi uchun yaratilgan.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="teoL"> 1997 – JS standarti <strong>ECMAScript</strong> (ES) nomi ostida paydo bo‘ldi.</h3>
<ul id="aWCT">
<li id="PN9S">ES3 – 1999</li>
<li id="gsLJ">ES5 – 2009 (strict mode)</li>
<li id="JZDN">ES6 / ES2015 – 2015 (let/const, arrow functions, classes, promises, modules)</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Nyiq"> Hozirgi JS:</h3>
<ul id="dD1U">
<li id="jIPK"><strong>Node.js</strong> orqali serverda ishlaydi.</li>
<li id="wYU3"><strong>Electron, React Native</strong> orqali desktop va mobil ilovalar yaratiladi.</li>
<li id="2o7W"><strong>Typescript</strong> – JS ustiga typed qatlam.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="bqCP"><strong>JS qanday ishlaydi?</strong></h2>
<h3 id="rSJu"> <strong>High-level</strong> tilda yozilgan kod <strong>brauzer yoki Node.js</strong> orqali quyidagicha ishlaydi:</h3>
<ol id="aHqt">
<li id="zApi"><strong>Parsing</strong>: Kodni AST (Abstract Syntax Tree) ga aylantiradi.</li>
<li id="3YEN"><strong>Compilation</strong>: V8 (Google) yoki boshqa engine uni <strong>JIT</strong> (Just-in-time) orqali mashina kodga o‘giradi.</li>
<li id="vtSU"><strong>Execution</strong>: Mashina kodi ishlaydi.</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="pTa4"> JS Engine misol:</h3>
<ul id="MnNd">
<li id="8gaP">Chrome: <strong>V8</strong></li>
<li id="OBPv">Firefox: <strong>SpiderMonkey</strong></li>
<li id="wxu2">Safari: <strong>JavaScriptCore</strong></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="cY7s"><strong>Compilation va Interpretation</strong></h2>
<ul id="ZQVY">
<li id="4np1"><strong>Compiler</strong> – butun kodni oldindan mashina tiliga aylantiradi.</li>
<li id="WQj2"><strong>Interpreter</strong> – kodni qatorma-qator bajaradi.</li>
</ul>
<p id="MLBe"><strong>JS</strong>:</p>
<ul id="CrvX">
<li id="jPAM">Ilgari faqat <strong>interpreter</strong> edi.</li>
<li id="zpCM">Hozir <strong>V8 engine</strong> orqali <strong>JIT compiler</strong> ishlaydi:</li>
<ul id="5Tsp">
<li id="mr6D">Tez-tez ishlatiladigan kodni mashina kodga aylantiradi va kechiktirmasdan bajaradi.<br /><br /><br /></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<h2 id="WZmJ"><strong>Event Loop, Call Stack, Microtask vs Macrotask</strong></h2>
<h3 id="myqQ"> <strong>Call Stack</strong>:</h3>
<ul id="x3ns">
<li id="cu3P">Har bir funksiyaning bajarilishi bu yerga qo‘shiladi va bajarilgach chiqariladi.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="DH15"> <strong>Event Loop</strong>:</h3>
<ul id="LAKa">
<li id="56UN"><code>Call Stack</code> bo‘sh bo‘lsa, <code>Task Queue</code>dan ish olib kiradi.</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="GlLj"> <strong>Macrotask Queue</strong>:</h3>
<ul id="mNrn">
<li id="whC0">setTimeout</li>
<li id="omI4">setInterval</li>
<li id="Q59k">setImmediate (Node.js)</li>
<li id="g45H">I/O callbacks</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="TOzi"> <strong>Microtask Queue</strong>:</h3>
<ul id="JIfk">
<li id="5Vtn">Promises (<code>.then</code>, <code>async/await</code>)</li>
<li id="H0nI">MutationObserver</li>
<li id="WCnL">QueueMicrotask</li>
</ul>
<blockquote id="joXT"><strong>Microtasks</strong> har doim <strong>Macrotasks</strong>dan oldin bajariladi.</blockquote>
<section style="background-color:hsl(hsl(0, 0%, var(--autocolor-background-lightness, 95%)), 85%, 85%);">
<pre id="k56G" data-lang="jsx">console.log('1');</pre>
<pre id="HIgq" data-lang="jsx">setTimeout(() => {
console.log('2');
}, 0);</pre>
<pre id="TjMZ" data-lang="jsx">Promise.resolve().then(() => {
console.log('3');
});</pre>
<pre id="olaz" data-lang="jsx">console.log('4');
</pre>
</section>
<pre id="D7K2" data-lang="jsx">
1
4
3 <— microtask
2 <— macrotask
</pre>
<h2 id="bpWE">Xulosa</h2>
<p id="vmLg">JS:</p>
<ul id="q6zf">
<li id="ISwD">High-level, dynamic, interpreted → hozirda JIT compiled.</li>
<li id="sUZg">Single-threaded lekin event loop yordamida asinxron.</li>
<li id="lBl5">Tarixan brauzerlar uchun yaratilgan, hozir esa universal tilga aylangan.</li>
<li id="UjU6">Microtask & Macrotask tizimi orqali noaniq kechikishlarni boshqaradi.</li>
</ul>