Latest In-Depth Case Study on Gene Expression

2020-09-18T21:23:03.389Z

Gene expression is a technique through which genetic instruction are used for synthesizing gene products. This technique enables scientists and researchers to reach at the molecular level of each gene. Proteins are generally synthesized with the help of gene expression which further perform the function of components such as proteins, enzymes as well as receptors. Process of gene expression involves of two stages, transcription and translation. The techniques used for monitoring the gene expression levels include, northern blot analysis, RNA protection assay, and microarrays among others.

DOWNLOAD SAMPLE PDF COPY

Gene expression is the process by which the genetic code - the nucleotide sequence - of a gene is used to direct protein synthesis and produce the structures of the cell. Genes that code for amino acid sequences are called as Structural genes. The process of gene expression involves two main stages as Transcription: the production of messenger RNA (mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase, and the processing of the resulting mRNA molecule. Translation: the use of mRNA to direct protein synthesis, and the subsequent post-translational processing of the protein molecule. Any step of gene expression may be modulated, from the DNA-RNA transcription step to post-translational modification of a protein.

Today, with numerous genome projects adding tens of thousands of nucleotide sequences to the public databases each day, the exploration of gene function often begins with a DNA sequence. Here the challenge is to translate sequence into function. One approach, discussed earlier in the chapter, is to search databases for well-characterized proteins that have similar amino acid sequences to the protein encoded by a new gene, and from there employ some of the methods described in the previous section to explore the gene's function further. But to tackle directly the problem of how a gene functions in a cell or organism, the most effective approach involves studying mutants that either lack the gene or express an altered version of it. Determining which cellular processes have been disrupted or compromised in such mutants will then frequently provide a window to a gene's biological role.

Few of the Leading Companies Working in Gene Expression Area:

Thermo Fisher Scientific, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, PerkinElmer, Bio-Rad Laboratories, OriGene Technologies, Illumina, QIAGEN, Agilent Technologies, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Promega Corporation

Before the advent of gene cloning technology, most genes were identified by the processes disrupted when the gene was mutated. This classical genetic approach—identifying the genes responsible for mutant phenotypes—is most easily performed in organisms that reproduce rapidly and are amenable to genetic manipulation, such as bacteria, yeasts, nematode worms, and fruit flies. Although spontaneous mutants can sometimes be found by examining extremely large populations—thousands or tens of thousands of individual organisms—the process of isolating mutants can be made much more efficient by generating mutations with agents that damage DNA. By treating organisms with mutagens, very large numbers of mutants can be created quickly and then screened for a particular defect of interest, as we will see shortly.

@geneexpressionblog

Latest In-Depth Case Study on Gene Expression

DOWNLOAD SAMPLE PDF COPY