Гузель Шавалиева

HOW DO FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS INFLUENCE US?

2023-06-14T04:32:24.340Z

Family relationships, between mother and child, father and child, and siblings are the first relationships we form in our lives. Positive relationships with parents and siblings help a child grow mentally, emotionally, and physically, whereas negative family relationships can have detrimental effects later in life.

whereas - в то время как

detrimental - пагубный, вредный

A study that followed children over a ten year period showed that positive relationships among children and their relatives led to more positive, healthy behaviors in life. Their physical health, taking care of themselves and making healthy choices, was connected with their family experiences as young children.

In contrast, stress within the family may have physical consequences for the child’s health that can continue into adulthood and include overeating, poor impulse control, and other unhealthy behaviors.

among - между

led (lead) - привели к

consequences - последствия

A child’s family dynamic and relationships help them discover who they are and what they need.

discover - раскрыть (понять)

A child’s relationship with his or her siblings can also impact their future behaviors. A positive sibling relationship allows the child to learn how to interact with kids of different ages, to share and play, and to confide in others.

impact -влиять

confide - доверять

Having a strong family relationship can be achieved by spending quality family time together, working through problems as a family, and showing our children how much we love them in our words and our actions.

Disasters around the world are interconnected

2021-11-04T10:44:13.185Z

The report analyses 10 different disasters from 2020/2021 and finds that even though they occurred in vastly different locations and do not initially appear to have much in common, they are interconnected with each other.

As shown by the key findings of the recent IPCC 6th Assessment Report, extreme events, such as droughts, fires and floods, are increasingly compounding each other, likely as a consequence of human influence. Viewed through a lens of interconnectivity, this new report shows in detail how not only climate disasters, but human-made disasters in general build on the impacts of the past and pave the way for future disasters.

occurred - имело место быть, произошло

compound- усугублять

consequence - последствие

pave - прокладывать

The frequency of severe weather events, epidemics and human-made disasters is increasing globally, and it is becoming ever more challenging to keep pace with the corresponding changes and impacts. In 2020/2021, the world witnessed a number of record-breaking disasters: the COVID-19 pandemic spread across the globe, a cold wave crippled the state of Texas, wildfires destroyed almost 5 million acres of Amazon rainforest, and Viet Nam experienced 9 heavy storms in the span of only 7 weeks.

frequency - частота

to keep pace with - идти в ногу с, не отставать

witness - быть свидетелем

crippled - покалечить, навредить

span - продолжительность

"When people see disasters in the news, they often seem far away,” said a lead author of the report. “But even disasters that occur thousands of kilometres apart are often related to one another and can have consequences for people living in distant places.”

An example of this is the recent heatwave in the Arctic and cold wave in Texas. In 2020, the Arctic experienced the second-highest air temperatures and second-lowest amount of sea ice cover on record. The increasing temperature in the Arctic destabilizes the polar vortex, a spinning mass of cold air above the North Pole, allowing colder air to move southward into North America.

polar vortex - полярный вихрь

“What we can learn from this report is that disasters we see happening around the world are much more interconnected than we may realize, and they are also connected to individual behavior. Our actions have consequences, for all of us,” said fellow lead author Dr. Jack O’Connor. “But the good news is that if the problems are connected, so are the solutions.”

Original article: https://reliefweb.int/report/world/interconnected-disaster-risks-20202021

Questions for discussions:

1) What is the main idea of the article?

2) According to the author, how are the disasters connected to each other?

3) How does it prove it? (example)

4) Do you know some information about the disasters described in the article?

5) What is the influence of people to these disasters?

DIY skills every woman should know

2021-10-25T12:00:56.220Z

We have entered a new age... where women don't have to rely on the man of the house - or their dad - to fix things in and around the house.

It's the 21st century, and women are more DIY savvy than ever - no longer having to rely on hubby to fix things. With lightweight, cordless Bosch power tools and a Builders store around the corner, women have everything they need at their carefully manicured fingertips - and don't need to break a nail to do it.

savvy - смышленый

rely on - надеяться

hubby = husband

Put up a shelf

Don't wait for hubby to put up that much-needed shelf that has been lying around for months, grab your drill / driver and mount it yourself. We explain how easy it is to drill a hole into brick walls, or through tiles, to mount a shelf, and you will find all the supplies that you need at your local Builders.

put up - повесить

much-needed - такой необходимый

nclog a sink

Unclog a sink

Blocked sinks happen all the time in kitchens and bathrooms. Hair can build up in a drain and form a blockage in bathroom drains, and food and oil quickly clog a kitchen sink. You don't need to spend a fortune to call out a plumber if you have a few minutes to spare. Simply follow these instructions for cleaning blockages in a sink, drain or shower.

Unclog - прочистить

clog - засорять

Replace a tap washer

With water restrictions at Level 2 around the country, saving water has never been more important. A leaky tap is a wanton waste of our precious resources, and one that can be easily fixed in under 10 minutes. Visit your local Builders to purchase a new tap washer - take the old one with you if in any doubt as to the correct size. If you have a mixer tap with a cartridge filter, you may need to replace the entire tap.

leaky - дырявый

wanton - бессмысленный

original article: https://www.home-dzine.co.za/diy-1/diy-women.html

Alternative medicine

2021-09-18T08:53:11.874Z

Homeopathy

Its practitioners, called homeopaths, believe that a substance that causes symptoms of a disease in healthy people can cure similar symptoms in sick people; this doctrine is called similia similibus curentur, or "like cures like". Homeopathic preparations are termed remedies

Naturopathy is a form of healthcare that combines modern treatment with traditional methods. It includes alternative, natural therapies to modern medicine. Naturopathy focuses on : the body's capacity to heal itself. preventing (from) health problems.

Ayurveda and Yoga both originated in India. Ayurvedic medicine is a traditional medicine of India. It believes that everything in the universe is the creation from the five elements namely, Ether, Air, Fire, Water and Earth. The imbalance of these elements in the human body is the main cause of disease. Yoga is all about the harmony of the body with the mind and breath through various breathing techniques, physical postures and meditation.

origin - происхождение

Aromatherapy: It uses natural oils extracted from flowers, barks, roots and other parts of the plants to heal mental and physical problems. The Inhalation of aroma from the oil stimulates brain function. Oil absorbs into the body through massage and heals the pain of the affected part.

Reiki: Reiki is a kind of spiritual practice, originating in Japan. Rei means Universal and Ki means life force energy. Mikao Usui was the founder of Reiki. The practitioner places the palms of his hands on the parts of the patient’s body to supply the healing energy.

Acupressure and Acupuncture: Both originated in China. Acupressure is a method to cure illness by pressing the particular points of the body by thumbs and fingertips. Acupuncture is a method to cure the illness by inserting needles into the particular points of a person’s body.

How Is Mental Health Related to Sleep?

2021-08-31T10:19:16.336Z

Most people know firsthand that sleep affects their mental state. After all, there’s a reason it’s said that someone in a bad mood “woke up on the wrong side of the bed.”

As it turns out, there’s quite a bit of truth behind this colloquial saying. Sleep is closely connected to mental and emotional health and has demonstrated links to depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, and other conditions.

At the same time, poor sleep, including insomnia, can be a contributing factor to the initiation and worsening of mental health problems.

firsthand - не понаслышке, на собственном опыте

to wake up on the wrong side of the bed - встать не с той ноги

initiation - возбуждение, провокация

Brain activity fluctuates during sleep, increasing and decreasing during different sleep stages that make up the sleep cycle. In NREM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep, overall brain activity slows, but there are quick bursts of energy. In REM sleep, brain activity picks up rapidly, which is why this stage is associated with more intense dreaming.

Each stage plays a role in brain health, allowing activity in different parts of the brain to ramp up or down and enabling better thinking, learning, and memory. Research has also uncovered that brain activity during sleep has profound effects on emotional and mental health.

fluctuates - колеблется, постоянно меняется, действует

bursts - прилив, вспышка

ramp up - увеличивать, нарастать

Sufficient sleep, especially REM sleep, facilitates the brain’s processing of emotional information. During sleep, the brain works to evaluate and remember thoughts and memories, and it appears that a lack of sleep is especially harmful to the consolidation of positive emotional content. This can influence mood and emotional reactivity and is tied to mental health disorders and their severity, including the risk of suicidal ideas or behaviors.

consolidation - укрепление

Depression

It is estimated that over 300 million people worldwide have depression, a type of mood disorder marked by feelings of sadness or hopelessness. Around 75% of depressed people show symptoms of insomnia, and many people with depression also suffer from excessive daytime sleepiness and hypersomnia, which is sleeping too much.

Anxiety Disorders

Every year, anxiety disorders in America affect an estimated 20% of adults13 and 25% of teenagers14. These disorders create excess fear or worry that can affect everyday life and create risks for health problems including heart disease and diabetes. Types of anxiety disorders include general anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Original article : https://www.sleepfoundation.org/mental-health

Questions for discussion:

1) Have you ever had health or mental problems connected with lack of sleep?

2) According to the article, how is mental health related to sleep?

3) Have you ever had hypersomnia?

Things to Do on New Year's Day to Get 2021 Started Off on the Right Foot

2020-12-27T21:05:32.216Z

The year 2020 is almost over, and not a moment too soon. Bid it a not-too-fond farewell, open up to a blank page in your crisp, new daily planner and get to work making sure 2021 starts off in good spirits. It's said that how you begin your January 1 sets the tone for the rest of the year, and it's a lucky thing, because even with the COVID-19 pandemic curbing some of the activity options, there are still plenty of fun things to do on New Year's Day.

Bid it a not-too-fond farewell - желать всего самого наилучшего

curbing - ограничения

Some might want to get a head-start on those 2021 resolutions and begin with an all-day cleaning and organizing session. Others might take the opportunity for some much-needed downtime, so file the classic movie streaming marathon or best books catch-up under "self-care." If you want to get up and about, you might check out a "reverse" parade, outdoor festival or a virtual fun run, which are still happening within the confines of pandemic restrictions. And for others, it's all about the food, starting with brunch and going all the way to a lucky New Year's Day dinner. (Did you buy your pomegranates?) No matter how you want to start 2021, the day is yours!

a head-start - дать фору

downtime - свободное время

within the confines - в пределах

pomegranates - гранат

1. Host Brunch

Begin the year surrounded by family, friends — and lots of carbs. Or eggs. And coffee. Your plan to eat healthier in 2021 can wait until after breakfast, right?

carbs - углеводы

2. Do Something Outdoorsy

Even if it means wearing a mask and keeping your distance, there's plenty of fun to be had outside. Bring your skates to a permanent or pop-up rink , strap on those snow shoes and go for a hike or find a nearby hill that does snow tubing, and you'll start off the year by making some good memories.

rink - каток

3. Do a Deep Clean

If you didn't use the KonMari method on your house before the holidays in anticipation of getting a bunch of new Christmas presents, you're probably sitting on mounds of stuff that need to be organized, sorted, cleaned or tossed. Tackle one area of the house starting on Day One.

mounds - гора, холм

tossed - выбросить

Tackle - высвободить

4. Start a Bullet Journal

You've got big plans for this year. Keep track of them in a bullet journal, and feel a sense of satisfaction every time you cross something off your list.

Bullet journal — способ ведения ежедневных записей, с помощью которого можно стать организованным, креативным и внимательным.

5. Binge a TV Marathon

To some, it is a hallowed tradition to spend January 1 on the couch, watching TV and recovering from the night before. Many channels have helpfully enabled this with daylong (or week-long) marathons of classic shows.

Original article: https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/holidays/g25644707/things-to-do-new-years-day/?slide=7

How to Make (and Keep) a New Year's Resolution

2020-12-23T09:48:18.352Z

Are you making a resolution in the new year? Warning: More than half of all resolutions fail, but this year, they don’t have to be yours. Here’s how to identify the right resolution to improve your life, create a plan on how to reach it, and become part of the small group of people that successfully achieve their goal.

A lot of these resolutions fail because they’re not the right resolutions. And a resolution may be wrong for one of three main reasons:

It’s a resolution created based on what someone else (or society) is telling you to change.
It’s too vague.
You don’t have a realistic plan for achieving your resolution.

vague - не точный, расплывчатый

Your goals should be smart — and SMART. That’s an acronym coined in the journal Management Review in 1981 for specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. It may work for management, but it can also work in setting your resolutions, too.

acronym - аббревиатура (сокращение по первым буквам слова)

measurable - измеримый

relevant - актуальный, уместный

time-bound - ограниченный по времени

Specific. Your resolution should be absolutely clear. “Making a concrete goal is really important rather than just vaguely saying ‘I want to lose weight.’ You want to have a goal: How much weight do you want to lose and at what time interval?” “Five pounds in the next two months — that’s going to be more effective.”
Measurable. This may seem obvious if your goal is a fitness or weight loss related one, but it’s also important if you’re trying to cut back on something, too. If, for example, you want to stop biting your nails, take pictures of your nails over time so you can track your progress in how those nails grow back out.

may seem obvious - может показаться очевидным

biting - здесь. грызть (ногти)

Achievable. This doesn’t mean that you can’t have big stretch goals. But trying to take too big a step too fast can leave you frustrated, or affect other areas of your life to the point that your resolution takes over your life — and both you and your friends and family flail. So, for example, resolving to save enough money to retire in five years when you’re 30 years old is probably not realistic, but saving an extra $100 a month may be.

big stretch - обширный

frustrated - расстроенный, разочарованный

Relevant. Is this a goal that really matters to you, and are you making it for the right reasons? “If you do it out of the sense of self-hate or remorse or a strong passion in that moment, it doesn’t usually last long,” “But if you build up a process where you’re thinking harder about what’s good for you, you’re changing the structure of your life, you’re bringing people into your life who will reinforce that resolution, then I think you have a fighting chance.”

remorse - угрызение совести

Time-bound. Like “achievable,” the timeline toward reaching your goal should be realistic, too. That means giving yourself enough time to do it with lots of smaller intermediate goals set up along the way. “Focus on these small wins so you can make gradual progress."

Original article: https://www.nytimes.com/guides/smarterliving/resolution-ideas

How to use Future Perfect for better resolutions making?

2020-12-22T12:54:21.039Z

The future perfect tense is for talking about an action that will be completed between now and some point in the future. Imagine that your friend Linda asks you to take care of her cat for a few days while she goes on a trip. She wants you to come over today at noon so she can show you where to find the cat food and how to mash it up in the bowl just right so that Fluffy will deign to eat it. But you’re busy this afternoon, so you ask Linda if you can come at eight o’clock tonight instead.

“No, that won’t work! At eight o’clock I will have left already,” she says.

What does the future perfect tell us here? It tells us that Linda is going to leave for her trip some time after right now, but before a certain point in the future (eight o’clock tonight). She probably shouldn’t have waited until the last minute to find a cat sitter.

The Future Perfect Formula

The formula for the future perfect tense is pretty simple: will have + [past participle]. It doesn’t matter if the subject of your sentence is singular or plural. The formula doesn’t change.

Examples

I will have been here for six months on June 23rd.
By the time you read this I will have left.
You will have finished your report by this time next week.
Won't they have arrived by 5:00?
Will you have eaten when I pick you up?

How Prince William, Kate Middleton, and the British Royal Family Spend Christmas

2020-12-09T10:08:05.840Z

The Brits celebrate Christmas slightly differently than their American counterparts (that’s “Happy Christmas,” to you!) But the royal family has its own fair share of unique traditions.

counterparts - коллеги

fair share - справедливая доля

While Prince Harry, Meghan Markle, and baby Archie have opted to spend this year privately with Meghan's mother, Doria, most of the Windsor clan will head to Sandringham in Norfolk (more on the later) for the holidays.

have opted to - выбрали

Generally, a royal Christmas features a mix of formal events and cozy gatherings—with a jam-packed schedule unfolding over the course of two days.

gatherings - собрания

The Location

The royal family spends Christmas at Sandringham House in Norfolk. The Queen and Prince Philip typically make this annual trip by public train. The pair leaves London a few days before the holiday, and usually stay at the residence through early February.

annual - ежегодный

Christmas Eve

The extended clan typically descends on Sandringham on Christmas Eve day. Orders of business include an afternoon tea. The family will also exchange gifts on the 24th—as opposed to Christmas morning.

extended - семья в полном составе

descends on - спускаться

Christmas Morning

The royal family attends two church services on Christmas morning. The first is a private family service at Church of St. Mary Magdalene. The second is a more formal public service, which begins 11:00 a.m. Everyone, other than the Queen, walks to church together, as crowds gather to watch. It's rumored that, this year, Prince George and Princess Charlotte will make their first "Christmas Walk" from Sandringham to St. Mary Magdalene.

attends - посещает

church services - служба в церкви

It's rumored that - ходят слухи

How to use "I'd rather"

2020-12-09T09:49:37.242Z

In English in order to express a preference for something we can use I´d rather (=I would rather):

I’d rather stay at home than go out tonight.

It is followed by the infinitive (without 'to') when its subject is the same as the subject of the next verb. This happens when we talk about what we would prefer to do.

I would rather (or I'd rather) stay with you. I would prefer to stay with you.

What would you rather do instead? What would you prefer to do instead?

When the subject is the same person in both clauses, we use would rather (not) followed by the base form of the verb:

She'd rather not see me. She'd be happier not to see me.