Илья Матросов

The main risk of liquidity pools is now behind us | LP-offset

2025-01-05T19:15:48.050Z

Liquidity pools are sources of funds for swaps in decentralized finance. For example, if a user wants to exchange TON for USDT, he will go to STON.fi, select the required coins and values, and through a user interface abstraction, trigger the TON/USDT liquidity pool smart contract. To simplify, the smart contract will take the user’s TONs and put them in the liquidity pool, and then take USDT out of the liquidity pool and send them to the user.

But liquidity has to come from somewhere. This is where liquidity providers come into play: they add their coins to the pools in price equivalent. But, obviously, no one wants to block their coins just like that, so for each swap conducted in a pair, in which the liquidity was put, the providers share a percentage of the commission, thanks to which good APR values are achieved, for example, on STON.fi:

In the SOON/TON pool, the APR is 108%
In the MAJOR/TON pool — 78%.
In the NOT/TON pool — 30%.

All would be fine, but due to the way liquidity pools work, there are impermanent losses.

Impermanent losses

By depositing your coins in the liquidity pool, you receive LP-tokens that confirm your share in the liquidity pool. The key word here is share. Let’s take the STON/USDT pool as an example. Let’s assume that before your liquidity delivery there were 4,000 STON and 20,000 USDT in the pool, so the price of STON is 5 USDT and the TVL of the pool is 40,000$. You decide to add 1,000 $STON and 5,000 USDT to the pool. The price remains unchanged. You, in turn, received LP-tokens, which confirm your share in the pool. It is usually calculated according to the formula:

X * Y = C

Where, X is the amount of the first token you provided, Y is the amount of the second token, C is a constant value characterizing your share in the pool. In this case it will be:

1,000 * 5,000 = 5,000,000

Now, let’s say that the STON token has increased in value 4 times, up to 20$ per coin, and you decide to get your tokens out of the pool. In classic DEX there are no order books, and the price is determined by the ratio of tokens in the pool, so now there are 2,500 STON and 50,000$ USDT in the pool. And your share in the pool is 20%, which means you get:

20% * 2,500 STON = 500 STON

20% * 50,000 USDT = 10000 USDT

The constant value C is preserved when withdrawing from the pool:

500 * 10,000 = 5,000,000

That said, the price of STON at the moment is $20, and by withdrawing from the pool you would get $20,000, but if you just left 1,000 STON and 5,000 USDT on your wallet, you would have $25,000 instead of $20,000. In this case, the impermanent losses would be:

(25,000–20,000)/25,000 = 20%

The impermanent losses can be calculated in the impermanent loss calculator.

Worry about impermanent losses among liquidity providers can lead to liquidity deficit and price instability in some pools, so the problem needs to be solved. For this purpose, impermanent loss protection has been implemented on STON.fi.

Impermanent loss protection

The STON/USDT pool has relatively recently introduced a system of protection against non-permanent losses, which automatically refunds providers’ losses related to impermanent losses. The protection covers losses up to 5.72%, which corresponds to a 2-x change in the coin price. Refunds are made in STON tokens and do not require filling out any forms, everything works fully automatically.

Limitations

Maximum refund per 1 wallet is $100 in STON tokens.
The pool is limited, a maximum of 10,000 STON can be returned.
To participate in LP-Offset for January, you had to put liquidity until January 1. In case the program will be extended for the next month, I think the limitation will remain, and to participate in the February refund you need to put liquidity in January.

Such a system provides Win-Win. Liquidity providers are protected from impermanent losses and STON price becomes more stable due to liquidity inflow.

Also, in order to create even more favorable conditions for liquidity providers, STON/USDT pool has farming.

Farming

In addition to the commission share, in the STON/USDT pool, liquidity providers can share additional rewards in STON tokens for adding their tokens to the smart contract. Every day, 333 STON tokens ($1,500) are shared among those who participate in farming. This provides an additional APR of 37.87%.

Farming guide

Learn more:

STON.FI VS STORMTRADE

2024-12-22T22:27:16.158Z

Swaps or Futures?

Basic functionality

Let’s start by understanding the platforms, their main functions and usage scenarios.

Storm Trade

DEX welcomes its users with a trading interface that presents charts, pairs, and the main functional block — the Futures menu.

You’re not wrong — the platform is designed for leveraged coin trading. For example, for TON/USDT and SOL/USDT there is a leverage of 75, and for BTC/USDT and ETH/USDT even more — 125. That’s right, although the exchange is built on the TON blockchain, coins from other blockchains are also available on the exchange, since it is not the coins themselves that are traded, but Futures contracts.

The classic modes for CEX Futures are available — long, short at market price or by limit price.

StormTrade — https://app.storm.tg/

By the way, not only regular cryptocurrency pairs are available on StormTrade, but also real USDT-backed assets. For example: oil and gold.

STON.fi

STON.fi is a classic DEX, and the main function of a classic DEX is to provide swap to the user. The exchange welcomes its users with a cute swap window:

I myself am a regular user of this DEX and can confidently say that everything works perfectly. The exchange has its own special features, for example, for stablecoins there are stableswaps that provide a more stable exchange rate for coins whose price relative to each other is small, and on the main page of swaps you can find Trust Score, which shows how much the coin is trusted, based on decentralized metrics.

Obviously, this indicator is not a call to action, it just tells you which coins are performing well over time.

By the way, this is not the only swap option on STON.fi — now, in open beta test is the Omniston protocol, which selects the best rate among all resolvers and DEXes, generates Request-For-Quote, as if negotiating with liquidity sources about the rate and gives the user the final price of exchange, providing absolutely zero slippage and the best rate among all DEXes.

Omniston protocol beta — https://omniston.ston.fi/

Liquidity provision

But, DEXes have a downside — they require coins to make them work. To ensure their liquidity, platforms pay a portion of exchange commissions to their liquidity providers. And there’s really something to compare. Even though the projects are different, both need liquidity. Platforms offer relatively different systems, and therefore different APRs. Let’s compare them.

STON.fi

On STON.fi, liquidity is delivered on the Pools tab in the price equivalent of both coins of the pair. Liquidity can be supplied by any coins on the $TON blockchain.

Providing liquidity in two coins at once from one side improves stability and reduces risks, as you get a share in the pool, and, accordingly, when the value of one of the coins drops, it becomes more in your share, and the total amount remains unchanged. Except for impermanent losses. Due to the peculiarities of the liquidity pools, when the value of the coins of the pair change, there are losses, but they are not great: if the coin drops by 50%, your losses will be a little more than 5%, more details can be read in the guide.

In addition to the share of commissions on some pairs, there are programs in which additional rewards can be received for LP-tokens staking.

LP-tokens — tokens that confirm ownership of a share in the liquidity pool. They are issued automatically after liquidity delivery.

STON.fi pools

StormTrade

On StormTrade the liquidity supply is in the Earn tab and is only available on some coins.

Works a little differently than on STON.fi. Your coin will be used by StormTrade to provide liquidity in different pairs, and since you provideonly one coin — you will have no protection against changes in its price, and the limited selection will not allow you to supply liquidity in low-popular coins.

Delivery is available in NOT, TON and USDT.

StormTrade Earn

APR comparison

Let’s start by comparing similar ones:

NOT on StormTrade — 15%, NOT/TON pair on STON.fi — 42%
TON on StormTrade — 15%, TON/USDT pair on STON.fi — 26%
USDT on StormTrade — 20%, stableswap pool AquaUSDT/USDT on STON.fi — 24%

But, don’t forget that all $TON blockchain coins are available for liquidity delivery on STON.fi, and thanks to this you can find much more profitable options, for example:

MAJOR/TON, APR — 77%
STON/USDT, APR — 48%
AIC/USDT, APR — 237%

By the way, on STON.fi there is also a dynamic STORM/TON pairing, the rewards of which depend on the profitability of StormTrade.

Staking

Also, both exchanges offer steaking of their native coins: STORM and STON. At StormTrade staking is classic, even though it gives rating points on the site. It has an APR of 40%.

On STON.fi things are a bit more complicated: for steaking the native token of the platform you get GEMSTON, which can be used in the Gemsquads voting to determine the pair that will participate in further farming programs. On top of that you get ARKENSTON, which are linked to your wallet and give you voting power in DAO STON.fi.

Conclusion

In both trading and staking STON.fi is more relaxed and stable, while StormTrade is more aggressive and risky. So… Spot or Futures?

STON.fi DEX — https://app.ston.fi
StormTrade DEX —https://app.storm.tg

STON.fi vs DeDust

2024-12-22T12:43:13.480Z

Competition leads to better services and lower prices by the most sensible market element - people.

The TON blockchain has recently skyrocketed in popularity, announcing integration into Telegram, passing the whole era of TapTap games with airdrops (like Notcoin), and announcing plans for development in the United States.

So, there are 2 major DEXes on the blockchain that run only on the TON blockchain, so comparing them is acceptable. Let’s compare them in three main categories. So, STON.fi vs DeDust:

Metrics

TVL: STON.fi — $148M; DeDust — $88M
All time volume: STON.fi — $6.9B; DeDust — $2.2B
UAW: STON.fi — 353K; DeDust — 118K.

UAW — the number of unique active wallets.
Data: Defillama, DappRadar

User inteface

DeDust welcomes the user with a rather beautiful interface made in dark and orange colors. From a PC everything looks neat, but in my opinion it is not very intuitive. But if you check it from a mobile device, the result will be quite different — for many months, the icons of coins simply do not load on smartphones, because of which it is extremely inconvenient to navigate, by the way, even on a PC in some places remains this problem.

DeDust swap on mobile

Dedust pools on mobile

On STON.fi the interface is made in light and blue colors, and in my opinion looks more pleasant than on DeDust. In addition, the interface of pools conveniently describes farming programs, and the Trust Score is present on the swaps tab.

Ston.fi swap page

Ston.fi pools page

Development

STON.fi is actively developing Cross-Chain between TON and other networks. With the first planned network — Tron, a test swap has already been done. In the future it is planned to create a full-fledged Cross-Chain without bridges and wrapped tokens with the above network and EVM-compatible networks, e.g. BNB.

STON.fi Whitapaper

Also, in the future, the Omniston protocol will be compatible with these networks, which is already in beta and improves the classical swap system by preparing quotes from different liquidity sources in advance.

Omniston interface

The DeDust Whitepaper is pretty empty, and doesn’t talk about the platform’s development plans.

DeDust Docs

DeDust DEX — https://dedust.io
STON.fi DEX — https://app.ston.fi
STON.fi guide — https://guide.ston.fi

STON.fi vs Dedust.io

2024-12-21T19:56:59.433Z

Swap is a one of the most important things on blockchain, and the DEXes are the hearths of swaps.

The TON blockchain has become very usable after announcing integration into Telegram, passing the whole year of TapTap (Notcoin, Hamster Kombat) game, announcing the expanding to the United States.

So, there are 2 major DEXes on the blockchain that run only on the TON blockchain. Let’s compare them in three main categories:

1. Metrics:

TVL:
• STON.fi— $148M
• DeDust — $88M

Unique active wallets:
STON.fi — 353K
DeDust — 118K

2. User inteface

DeDust welcomes the user with an interface made in dark and orange colors. From a PC everything looks good. But if you check from some mobile device, the result will be quite different — for many months, the icons of tokens simply do not load on some smartphones, by the way, even on a PC in some places this problem remains.

On STON.fi the interface is made in light and blue colors (dark theme available), and in my opinion looks more soft and calm than on DeDust. In addition, the interface of liquidity pools conveniently describes farming programs, and the Trust Score is present on the swaps tab.

3. Development

STON.fi is actively developing Cross-Chain between TON and other blockchains. With the first planned network — Tron and a test swap has already been done. In the future it is planned to create a Cross-Chain without bridges and wrapped tokens with the above blockchain and EVM-compatible networks, e.g. $ETH and $BNB.

STON.fi DEX — https://app.ston.fi
DeDust DEX — https://dedust.io
Guide — https://guide.ston.fi

STON.fi vs Swap.Coffee

2024-12-21T15:03:32.191Z

DEX vs DEX aggregator

Swap.Coffee is a DEX aggregator that selects the best offer among several DEXs to provide the best rate. And for large swaps, the swap can be split into multiple swaps with multiple DEXes at once to avoid high Price Impact. STON.fi in turn is the largest DEX on the TON blockchain, actively developing solutions to improve the quality of the platform and Cross-Chain.

1. Swaps

It would seem that DEX aggregators should provide a better exchange rate than DEXes, but there are caveats here as well.

For example, when swapping $1M $NOT to $USDT on Swap.Coffee, a user will get $7653, while on STON.fi only $7641. But when swapping a smaller amount, for example 10000 $HMSTR to $TON the results will be similar: 5.44 TON on STON.fi and 5.4 TON on Swap.Coffee. But, you have to spend 0.4 TON for a swap on Swap.Coffee and only 0.2 on STON.fi. Thus, DEX aggregator shows itself better at swaps for larger amounts, and STON.fi — for smaller amounts.

By the way, STON.fi is developing the Omniston protocol, which also chooses the best rate among liquidity aggregators, but it also provides zero slippage.

2. Interface

Both products are oriented to end users, so it is quite appropriate to compare their interfaces. Swap.Coffee has a sharper and more aggressive interface, and additional functions are not obviously located. STON.fi is the opposite: the interface is made in soft colors, which is a plus for me personally.

Swap.Coffee

STON.fi

3. DEX vs DEX aggregator

The main function of both products is the same — swap. But the ways to achieve it are different: Aggregators take liquidity from different sources, and DEX are those sources. This is the main functional difference — liquidity pools. They are available only on DEX and provide quite high APRs for liquidity providers.

Also, some liquidity pools participate in farming, providing even higher APRs. For example, for the MAJOR/TON pair the APR is 92% and for the TON/USDT pair it is 66%.

STON.fi DEX — htps://app.ston.fi
Swap.Coffee — https://swap.coffee
STON.fi whitepaper — https://static.ston.fi/whitepaper.pdf
Swap guide — https://guide.ston.fi/en/how-to-swap-exchange-tokens-on-ston.fi

Best and Worst DEX on TON.

2024-11-26T14:10:54.550Z

Many successful projects have already appeared on the TON blockchain, such as Hamster Kombat, with HMSTR coin reaching 400 million capitalization, or for example Notcoin, which has broken the psychological threshold of 1 billion market capitalization

And all of these projects have had incredible volatility throughout their history, so the liquidity pools on DEX have provided huge returns to liquidity providers, at times exceeding 1000%. Even now, these pools are maintaining good performance:

TVL — Total Value Locked. Shows how many total funds are locked in the liquidity pool.
APR — Annual Percentage Rate. Yearly yield.
DEX — Decentralized exchange.

Comparison

There are 2 major DEXs on TON — DeDust and STON.fi, as well as major DEX aggregators that give a more extensive view.

There is also another DEX on TON — Storm Trade, but it is designed for trading real assets and trading with leverage, so it will not be included in the list — the competition is not direct.

Let’s start by comparing the metrics:
According to Cryptorank, STON.fi has the 5th highest number of monthly active users among all DEXs, with 430,000 users, while DeDust, in turn, has 171,000.

But there is an indicator more important — TVL. According to DeFiLama on STON.fi, the total TVL is approximately 150 million dollars, and on DeDust it is about 95 million.

Interface

STON.fi greets users with a beautiful and intuitive user interface, for example the Swaps tab looks like this:

Everything is implemented in a minimalistic, beautiful way, and the search works quickly and flawlessly.

Things look pretty good on Dedust at first glance, too….

But there is one BUT: neither in search nor on the main page do the coin icons show up. Honestly, for me, this is the main reason why I don’t like Dedust.

In my opinion, DEX is an end-user oriented product, and the end-user, in turn, gets the user interface, and just leaving it without pictures, or making their loading something… optional or buggy is wrong.

It’s entirely possible that this is just a bug, but even among my acquaintances I haven’t met a person who has icons working the way they’re supposed to.

By the way, you can also spot Trust Score on STON.fi:

This recently introduced feature calculates the coin’s reliability rating by the algorithms of the DYOR.io project. The calculation is based on the trading volume, price changes over the period, the possibility of minting new tokens and other metrics.

The Future

STON.fi is positioning itself as a cross-chain exchange, even if it only operates on the TON blockchain. But development is underway and important goals have been achieved, the most important of which, in my opinion, is the creation of the Omniston exchange protocol, which is still in open test.

The protocol solves the problem of slippage and rate differences between DEXs and resolvers. When a user wants to make an exchange through it, the protocol sends a Request-For-Quote to various liquidity providers, and in response receives ready quotas, among which it selects the best one. At the same time, unlike a regular exchange on DEX, the rate cannot change during the transaction. This ensures zero slippage.

DeDust in turn to develop on other blockchains on plans, and the whitepaper has no clear development plans. In comparison:

On top of that, STON.fi actively supports its users in the conversation by giving tips on using the exchange; tokens and liquidity providers by organizing high-yield farming.

Popular projects, when they need to integrate DEX functions, choose to integrate STON.fi SDK, which is also a good indication. Hot Wallet, Stonks, TapSwap and many others have already integrated STON.fi SDK into their application.

Telegram — https://t.me/stonfidex
DEX— STON.fi
Whitepaper — https://static.ston.fi/whitepaper.pdf

Лучшая и худшая DEX на TON.

2024-11-25T19:59:48.203Z

“Блокчейн — это технология. Биткоин — всего лишь первое массовое проявление его потенциала” — Марк Кенигсберг

На блокчейне TON уже появилось множество успешных проектов, таких как Hamster Kombat, с монетой HMSTR, достигшей 400 миллионов капитализации, или, например Notcoin, который пробил психологический порог в 1 миллиард рыночной капитализации.

И все эти проекты на протяжении всей своей истории имели невероятную волатильность, благодаря чему пулы ликвидности на DEX обеспечивали огромную доходность для поставщиков ликвидности, в моменте превышающую 1000%. Даже сейчас, эти пулы поддерживают неплохие показатели:

TVL — Total Value Locked. Показывает сколько всего средств заблокировано в пуле ликвидности.
APR — Annual Percentage Rate. Годовая доходность.
DEX — Decentralized exchange. Децентрализованная биржа.

Сравнение

На TON есть 2 крупные DEX — DeDust и STON.fi, а так же крупные DEX агрегаторы, которые дают более обширное представление

Так же существует еще одна DEX на TON— Storm Trade, но она рассчитана на трейдинг реальных ассетов и торговлю с плечом, так что в списке учтена не будет — конкуренция не прямая.

Начнем с сравнения метрических показателей:

По данным Cryptorank, STON.fi занимает 5е место по количеству активных пользователей за месяц среди всех DEX, с показателем в 430.000 пользователей, а DeDust, в свою очередь имеет показатель в 171.000.

Но есть показатель важнее — TVL. По данным DeFiLama на STON.fi, общий TVL приблизительно равен 150 миллионам долларов, а на DeDust — около 95 миллионов.

Интерфейс

STON.fi встречает пользователей красивым и интуитивно понятным пользовательским интерфейсом, например вкладка Swaps выглядит так:

Реализовано все минималистично, красиво, а поиск работает быстро и безупречно.

На Dedust на первый взгляд тоже все выглядит неплохо…

Но есть одно но: ни в поиске, ни на основной странице не отображаются значки монет. Честно говоря, для меня — это основная причина, по которой мне не нравится Dedust.

На мой взгляд, DEX — это продукт ориентированный на конечного пользователя, а конечный пользователь, в свою очередь получает пользовательский интерфейс, и просто оставить его без картинок, или сделать их загрузку чем-то… необязательным или забагованным — неправильно.

Вполне возможно, что это — просто баг, но даже среди моих знакомых я не встречал человека, у которого значки работают так, как они должны работать.

К слову, на STON.fi так же можно заметить Trust Score:

Эта недавно введенная функция рассчитывает рейтинг надежности монеты алгоритмами проекта DYOR.io. Расчёт проводится на основании объема торгов, изменения цены за период, возможности минта новых токенов и других метрик.

Будущее

STON.fi позиционирует себя как кросс-чейн биржа, пусть пока и работает только на блокчейне TON. Но, разработка идет, и уже были достигнуты важные цели, самой главной из которых, на мой взгляд является создание протокола обмена Omniston, который пока что находится в открытом тесте.

Протокол решает проблему проскальзывания и разницы в курсах между DEX и резолверами. Когда пользователь хочет совершить обмен через него, протокол отправляет Request-For-Quote к различным поставщикам ликвидности, а в ответ получает готовые квоты, среди которых выбирает лучшую. При этом, в отличии от обычного обмена на DEX, курс не может измениться в течении сделки. Это обеспечивает нулевое проскальзывание.

DeDust в свою очередь развиваться на других блокчейнах на планирует, а в whitepaper нет четких планов развития. Для сравнения:

Вдобавок к этому, STON.fi активно поддерживает своих пользователей в беседе, давая советы по пользованию биржей; токены и поставщиков ликвидности, организуя высокодоходные фарминг программы.

Популярные проекты, при необходимости интеграции функций DEX выбирают интеграцию STON.fi SDK, это тоже о многом говорит. Среди тех кто интегрировал в свое приложение STON.fi SDK уже есть Hot Wallet, Stonks, TapSwap и многие другие.

STON.fi guide - https://guide.ston.fi/ru
Telegram — https://t.me/ston_fi_ru
DEX— STON.fi
Whitepaper — https://static.ston.fi/whitepaper.pdf

The future of trading. Omniston Protocol.

2024-10-18T17:08:46.519Z

No slippage, automatic search for the best rate on the cryptocurrency market. The Omniston protocol is already here, and is ready to open the way to truly high-quality trading on DEX.

#omniston

#ton

#blockchain

The Omniston protocol solves the problem of lack of liquidity and the resulting difference in rates on different DEX platforms, and at the same time deals with slippage.

The problem is solved by using market makers instead of liquidity providers and the Request For Quote mechanism.

Request-For-Quote

The system is similar to that of CEX exchanges. The protocol coordinates with the market maker about the rate and provides the exact rate in advance. Thus, there is no need for slippage.

In addition, the Omniston protocol compares the rates of all market makers and selects the best of them.

A little bit of numbers

Let’s imagine a swap of 1000 USDT to $NOT. The optimal slippage value for such a pair will be 0.7%.

Slippage — permissible change in the rate of a transaction during its execution

Having collected data from different exchanges, I found out that they all offer quite different rates:

STON.fi — 109833 NOT for 1000 USDT
DeDust — 109951 NOT for1000 USDT
Swap.coffee — 109786 NOT for1000 USDT

The difference is noticeable by eye, but let’s calculate the deviation of the best from the worst:

(109951–109786) / 109951 = 0.15% for a pair with a relatively stable rate. It doesn’t seem to be a lot, but it’s a dollar… with half. Having evaluated pairs at different moments of time, it turned out that on a calm market the difference of rates can be from 0.1% to 0.3%, and on a highly volatile market from 0.5% to 1.2%.

More about Omniston — https://ston.fi/omniston

Будущее трейдинга. Протокол Omniston.

2024-10-18T16:51:47.017Z

Отсутствие проскальзывания, идеальный курс заранее и автоматический поиск лучшего курса на криптовалютном рынке. Протокол Omniston уже здесь, и готов открыть путь к по-настоящему качественному трейдингу на DEX.

#omniston

#blockchain

#crypto

#ton

Протокол Omniston решает проблему недостатка ликвидности и следующей из этого разницы курсов на разных DEX платформах, а заодно и разбирается с проскальзыванием.

Проблема решается использованием маркет-мейкеров вместо поставщиков ликвидности и механизмом Request For Quote.

Request For Quote

Система аналогичная подобной на CEX биржах. Протокол договаривается с маркет-мейкером о курсе и предоставляет точный курс заранее. Таким образом полностью пропадает необходимость в проскальзывание.

В добавок к этому, протокол Omniston сравнивает курсы у всех маркетмейкеров и выбирает лучший из них.

Немного цифр

Представим свап 1000 USDT на $NOT. Оптимальным значением проскальзывание для такой пары будет 0.7%.

Проскальзывание —допустимое изменение курса сделки во время ее выполнения

Собрав данные с разных бирж выяснил что они все предлагают довольно разные курсы:

STON.fi — 109833 NOT за 1000 USDT
DeDust — 109951 NOT за 1000 USDT
Swap.coffee — 109786 NOT за 1000 USDT

Разница заметна на глаз, но давайте посчитаем отклонение лучшего от худшего:

(109951–109786) / 109951 = 0.15% для пары с относительно стабильным курсом. Вроде как не много, а вроде и полтора доллара лишними не будут. Оценив пары в разные моменты времени, выяснилось что на спокойном рынке разница курсов может быть от 0.1% до 0.3%, а на высоковолатильном от 0.5% до 1.2%.

На основании этих данных делаем вывод, что на низковолатильном рынке протокол Omniston может экономить до 0.5%, а на волатильном аж до 1.9%. Что уже является довольно внушительной суммой, открываю возможность для быстрого трейдинга ради небольших профитов, ведь теперь пользователей не будет пугать неопределенность цены во время обмена.