Слова по теме архитектуры будут полезны в экзамене IELTS Speaking, так как именно в этой части вы можете столкнуться с вопросами про здания либо инфраструктуру. В IELTS Speaking вам могут задать такие вопросы как «What types of buildings are there where you live?», «Describe a style of architecture that you like.» и так далее. Данная статья, поможет вам улучшить словарный запас и с уверенностью отвечать на такие вопросы в IELTS Speaking.

1. abutment: structural component supporting the lateral and vertical loading of structures.
2. arcade: a series of arches carried by columns.
3. architectonic: the science of architecture.
4. articulation: a method of jointing elements of an architectural design.
5. BIM: (“Building Information Modeling”) construction information 3D-model tool.
6. biomimicry: application of natural environment in construction principles.
7. bracket: architectural element placed in a corner to strengthen an angle.
8. building envelope: roof, sub floor, exterior doors, windows and exterior walls.
9. cladding: components attached to the primary structure of a building to form non-structural, external surfaces such as curtain walling or rainscreen.
10. cloister: covered walk running along the walls of buildings and forming a quadrangle.
11. colossal: architectural order based on multilevel columns.
12. composite: assembly of two different materials working better together than apart.
13. cornice: crown of an architectural structure rejecting rainwater away from the facade.
14. cradling: a framework of iron or wood, used to support a ceiling.
15. curvilinear: consisting of or bounded by curved lines.
16. denticulate: having dentils.
17. diagram: a drawing explaining the principles, elements and components of an architectural concept.
18. diastyle: columns separated by three diameters.
19. diminish: to cause an architectural element to taper.
20. dipteral: construction having a double row of columns.
21. drum: cylindrical blocks of stone composing a column.
22. elevation: a representation to scale of the external face of a building or structure.
23. eurythmy: harmonious proportions of a design or building.
24. facade: the face of the building with the main entrance.
25. fenestration: all of the openings in the building envelope such as windows, doors, and skylights.
26. filler: materials combined together to make them cheaper or lighter.
27. flamboyant: French Gothic style of architecture characterized by a wavy flame appearance.
28. floor plan: a drawing to scale giving a bird’s eye view of the dimension and spatial relationships between objects and fixtures of a structure.
29. floriated: architectural structure with ornamentation based on flowers and leaves.
30. fluting: a furrow dug in a column.
31. foliation: ornamentation consisting of foliage.
32. folly: a structure deliberately built as an ornamente to serve as a conversation piece or to lend interest to a view.
33. form: the shape and structure of something.
34. galilee: the entrance of a porch or chapel.
35. galleria: a central promenade or court usually separating a shopping centre in two.
36. ground plan: a drawing of the ground floor of a building.
37. hexastyle: a portico or façade with six columns, usually representative of Greek temples.
38. hierarchy: importance of a form or space by its size, shape, or placement relative to the other forms and spaces, based on how noticeable they are.
39. high-pitched: a roof having high and tilted slopes.
40. hip: the external angle where the sloping sides of a roof meet.
41. homogeneous: an architectural structure composed of parts that are all of the same nature or kind, or appearing as uniform.
42. hypostyle: closed space with a roof supported by columns.
43. imbricate: having tiles, shingles, or slates creating an overlapping cover.
44. intercolumniation: the proportional spacing between columns.
45. joggle post (or king post): a central vertical post or beam consisting of two timbers joined to each other by joggles, working in tension to support a beam below.
46. juncture: intersection of two different materials, influencing how the building will age.
47. juxtaposition: two parts being placed close together or side-by-side, permitting comparison or contrast.
48. lancet: diagonal arch belonging to the Gothic style, shaped as the tip of a spearhead.
49. lead holder: a mechanical drawing tool in which architects can use different types of lead to create different types of lines.
50. lierne: a short rib connecting the intersections of the primary ribs, representative of the Gothic vaulting.
51. lintel (or summer): horizontal piece (of wood, stone, metal) forming the superior part of an opening and supporting a structure.
52. listed building: an officially recognized and protected building with a particular historical or architectural interest.
53. loggia: a covered and closed on the sides balcony, acting as an integral part of the housing.
54. massing: a structure in two or three dimensions.
55. member: a component part of a building or structure.
56. merge: to combine, blend, or unite so as to blur distinctions and to make it look similar to what is around it.
57. module: conventional unit of measure adopted to regulate the various parts of a whole.
58. naos: central part of a Greek sanctuary and intended to receive the statue of the god in an Egyptian temple.
59. order: proportions, shapes and ornamentation of any part built in elevation (Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite).
60. orientation: the position of a structure based on the east-west axis.
61. parti: organizing decisions behind an architect’s design, presented as a basic diagram or a simple statement (coming from the French expression “parti pris”).
62. piloti: the traditionally wooden piles driven into the ground and intended to support a construction out of water or above the ground.
63. polychromy: the art of using several colors.
64. post and lintel (or trabeated system): construction system where robust horizontal elements are held by robust vertical elements, such as Stonehenge for example.
65. postiche: ornament of sculpture encrusted in an architectural decoration.
66. profile: a representation of an object in contour or outline.
67. prostyle: temples having only one row of columns in front.
68. pulvinate: curved convexly, with a swelling.
69. queen post: tension member in a truss that can span longer openings than a king post.
70. rampant: an element which is inclined and so arranged as to provide a slope.
71. rendering: the art of creating three-dimensional images or animations in order to demonstrate the attributes of an architectural design.
72. respond: a pilaster bonded into the wall and supporting an arch or a lintel.
73. return: an architectural feature forming an angle with the main part.
74. rhythm: a patterned repetition of elements in the space, a recurrence of lines, shapes, forms or colors.
75. ribbon development: houses built in a continuous row along a main road, with individual accesses.
76. rise: the height of an architectural structure.
77. rusticate: a masonry treatment used to separate blocks thanks to large joints and decorated with a textured design.
78. scale: how the sizes of different architectural elements relate to one another, based on a reference standard.
79. sexpartite: a rib vault divided into (or composed of) six parts, by two diagonal ribs and three transverse ribs.
80. shaft: a column or structural member that supports a vaulting rib, between the capital and the base.
81. shell: the part separating the external space of the structure of a building from the internal one.
82. soffit: the underside of an architectural element, different from the base.
83. spatiality: anything relating to, involving, or having the nature of space, in order to place and measure an architectural structure in the space.
84. springing: the voussoirs requiring support from below until the keystone has been set in place, this is the level where an arch or vault rises from this support.
85. stilts: structure or building to stand at a distance above the ground, vertical piers between the impost and the springing.
86. storey: a floor or level of a building or architectural structure, that could be used by people.
87. stria: a narrow channel, a set of parallel stripes on a structure.
88. stringer: a long horizontal beam used for structural purposes, supporting cross members in floors or ceilings.
89. stylobate: a pedestal supporting a colonnade, with molding, base and cornice around the perimeter of a building.
90. subbase: the lowest part laid on the subgrade, on which the base course layer is located, to help prevent pumping of fine-grained, subgrade soils.
91. summertree (or bressummer): a stone on the top of a column, pier, or wall that supports a wall, arch, lintel above a gap or opening.
92. supercolumnar: one colonnade above another or placed above a column.
93. surbase: the uppermost part of a pedestal above the base of a structure.
94. sustainable (or green building): the structure, and the processes related to this structure, environmentally responsible and energy efficient, in order to ensure the building’s ecological balance.
95. symmetry: element that we can divide in two parts and superimpose perfectly, without anything exceeding.
96. tailpiece (or tail beam): a piece forming an end, embedded in a wall.
97. tectonics: the science or art of construction, including shaping, ornamenting, or assembling materials.
98. texture: the structure given to a surface, playing with the size, shape, light and proportions of the architectural components.
99. truncated: cut by subtracting a significant part.
100. uniformity: architectural structures being identical, homogeneous, or regular.