PECULIARITIES OF LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS
Nosirova Dilfuza Nabievna.
Head of the Department of Foreign
Languages of the Law College of Andijan
Abstract. The article is devoted to the basic psychological factors and peculiarities of learning a foreign language. For achieving efficiency of teaching a foreign language it is necessary to consider psychological features of perception of information by the person for the organization of interpersonal communication in a foreign language.
Key words: Psychological factors, personal characteristics, motivation, communicative motivation, interpersonal communication.
Motivation to achieve success is a key performance in teaching a foreign language. Motives may include:
- interest in the culture of the countries of the target language;
- desire to develop communication skills and abilities in different spheres of communication;
- the desire to expand knowledge in the field of the studied language.
- In training sessions, motives can be more specific depending on the topic, goals and objectives of training. When implementing the goals of communicative communication in a foreign language, the personal qualities of students and their characteristics should be taken into account. It is necessary to take into account the features of the most significant properties of students. This can be: personal experience, professional experience, range of interests and desire of the student, his worldview, status in the team.
Learning a foreign language is carried out using a system of teaching information from read texts, watching movies, videos, learning poems and songs, which can be widely promoted in the cognitive activities of students. However, often personal psychological barriers, fear of speaking a foreign language, uncertainty and fear become psychological problems in learning. From a psychological point of view, verbal communication implies the process of communication interaction, communication goals, topics, the use of communication and linguistic means, is used to express in a specific communication situation. Speech actions are possible when the mastery of language and speech experience is brought to the level of skills and abilities. Speech skills contribute to the development of creative activity, in the included emotional sphere, imagination and presentation of the speaker. Therefore, the formation of skills and communication skills is a psychological component of the content of teaching a foreign language.
Each of us builds relationships with the outside world in different ways .Psychologists have identified two main personality types: introvert and extrovert. The personality type can affect the process of learning a foreign language. Knowing the type of personality, you can see his strengths and weaknesses in training. An introvert often knows what to say, but hesitates to do it. Thus, he does not actively apply knowledge in practice and does not gain experience with a foreign language interlocutor. But introverts know how to listen to people and more accurately perceive what is said. They have a large passive vocabulary. Introverts are good writers because writing doesn't require quick responses.Learning a foreign language by telegram can be for them as one of the ways to "talk".
Extroverts, on the other hand, enjoy socializing. It is easier for an extrovert to start communicating in a foreign language. His desire to communicate is very strong, and he forgets about shyness and fear of communication. An extrovert can easily be involved in communication activities, but he often has difficulty understanding foreign speech by ear.
An extrovert's passive vocabulary is poorer than that of an introvert. And here a large active vocabulary of words and expressions allows him to communicate in a foreign language easily. Extroverts can be encouraged to immerse themselves in the Russian-speaking environment, exchange training programs, and group foreign language courses.
Interpersonal communication is a psychological factor in teaching a foreign language. Speaking about the psychological characteristics of communication, one should pay attention to the psychosomatic side of communication - sign language. When teaching interpersonal communication, familiarity with non-verbal language, facial expressions and gestures will be of interest to students. It is important to take into account the psychophysiological symptoms of the emotional state and non-communicative movements related to somatic language. Emotional symptoms include non-communicative movements that make it possible to judge the inner emotional state of the speaker. The speaker uses them during a pause in speech. This includes habits for relieving internal stress (biting your lips); direct it to any object on the speaker himself (twist the ring on your finger, touch the buttons); direct movements to some object surrounded by the speaker (turn a pen, pencil in your hands). Knowledge of culture learners master the problem of nonverbal communication while learning a foreign language. Attention should be paid to the principles of etiquette communication, such as: restraint, politeness, the use of standard speech formulas in standard communication situations. For the effectiveness of training, it is necessary to take into account the psychological characteristics of information perception. There are three ways to perceive information:
1.visual (vision is involved here),
2. auditory (through hearing);
3.kinesthetic (based on sensations and feelings)
The first method requires extensive use of visual aids: books, videos, graphs, photographs. Training in the second case is best done in pairs and groups and pay more attention to listening. It is better to use physical exercises, games, experiments in teaching kinesthetics. The psychological aspects of language teaching determine the goals and objectives of teaching a foreign language, motivation, student interest, methods and approaches to teaching. Thus, psychology plays an important role in the study of a foreign language.
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