Neuroprosthetics: Medicine of the future
Neuroprosthesis is the process of using direct electric stimulation to enable proper functioning of the nervous system. Neuroprosthetic devices supplements the input or the output signals to the neural system, enabling the individual to carry out proper functioning and physical activities. Some of the purposes which involve the use of neuroprosthetics include, techniques for bladder and bowel control, deep brain stimulation, and restoration of mobility and respiration to paralyzed individuals.
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Brain disorders exhibits a considerable social and economic burden in Europe. According to WHO survey, brain disorders are responsible for 35% of Europe’s total disease burden. This burden is increasing due to increasing number of aging population in Europe, and requires a considerable attention to address the treatment issues as all the cases does not respond to medication therapy.
Neuroprosthetic devices/implants are technically advanced products that involves different technologies for its manufacturing/functioning such as local field potential, automated movable electrical probes, MRI, image guided surgical technique etc. These technological developments have occupied neuroprosthetics arena with innumerable replacement strategies, rehabilitation procedures and neuromodulation therapies to improve the quality of life for patients with neuromotor disorders. Advancement in technology has assisted to develop the personalize neurotechnologies and rehabilitation for patient specific neural impairments to accomplish the timely dissemination of neuroprosthetic treatment Cochlear implants and retinal implants are the examples of technologically advanced neuroprosthetic products that have helped deaf and blind population respectively. Argus II retinal prosthesis is EU and USFDA approved commercial available visual prosthesis that improves the vision in patient with retinitis pigmentosa. Thus, with continually advancing technologies, the impact of this factor is expected to augment in near future.
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Neuroprosthetics implants/devices are the costlier products that can be afforded by the consumers with high disposable incomes. Moreover, these devices require the training and skills for their use. In developed countries, can afford neuroprosthetics treatments due to presence of high income groups and awareness of these therapies amongst people. However, in emerging markets people are not much aware about these therapies and requires rigorous training sessions to improve the literacy of people about these therapies to gain the considerable market share. Though, emerging markets are the lucrative opportunities for neuroprosthetics manufacturers, much focus is needed to improve the knowledge of people about these therapies Increasing government initiative to improve healthcare conditions is assisting patients in emerging economies to achieve the advantage from such therapies. Moreover, in emerging regions, disposable incomes are rising; which has benefited the healthcare industry through expanding healthcare expenses; thus, impact of this factor would grow in future.
Stereotactic implantation refers to minimally invasive procedure that uses 3D co-ordinate system to locate small targets inside the brain and performs certain actions such as biopsy, radiosurgery, ablation, stimulation, injection and implantation on these targeted sites. This technology relay on needle like electrodes that are implanted in the skull through burr holes and reaches into the depths of particular brain areas for recording electroencephalogram. This technology has proved to be vital importance in diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders such as localization of seizure focus in epileptic patients or assist in controlling tremors by implanting a brain stimulator in the thalamus region. Brain surgery has critical problem of target location as target cannot be located visually. Hence, there is a need of a particular method that can assist in precise target location for neuroprosthetics. Stereotactic implantation involves precise and accurate localization of brain implants. This method is based on devised spatial relationships of brain structures to their landmarks which are visible and expressed by using set of 3 coordinates such as Anterior ‐ Posterior (AP), Medial ‐ Lateral (ML) and Dorsal ‐ Ventral (DL) which is similar to Cartesian “xyz” coordinate system.
Source: The Insight Partners