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@fillone
January 5, 2023

Zeta Chain

Core ZETA Pools

A [ZETA] / [Gas ZRC-20] Uniswap Pool (on zEVM) is the core pool needed by ZetaChain to write outbound transactions to that chain. Whenever a chain’s support is added, a corresponding pool between ZETA and that chain’s native gas asset is also created.

Here, you can visualize how a UniswapV2 contract controls ZETA / gas pools. Liquidity is provided to TSS addresses on connected chains, and then Uniswap (or any exchange contract) can use those assets (ZRC-20) against ZETA or any other asset.

For example, you can see how transactions function using these core pools that pair native gas (ZRC-20) with ZETA to pay for outbound transactions:

Additional zEVM Pools

Any liquidity pool may be created on zEVM. One can deploy normal ERC-20 tokens onto ZetaChain, incorporate external chain tokens through ZRC-20, and make any permutation of liquidity pool required for their applications, just as one would on a single-chain EVM. For example, one could create useful [ZETA] / [Stablecoin] or [Gas] / [Stablecoin] pools that let users trade more fluidly against different assets.

External ZETA Pools

ZETA is an omnichain token that exists both on ZetaChain as well as on any connected chain, as it is for both smart contract gas fees and cross-chain messaging. Certain pools such as [ZETA] / [Gas] on each chain will be helpful for applications to facilitate cross-chain value transfer through messaging. Developers also need pools on external chains to acquire ZETA, in order to use it for messaging.

When interacting with smart contracts on ZetaChain, a user includes a portion of value that is spent on gas for that transaction.

Smart contract deployments and smart contract calls require gas to run. A user can call a zEVM contract from an external chain by ZRC-20 deposits, including a contract call in the message, or connecting directly to ZetaChain and interacting with a contract that with a contract already deployed on zEVM.

The gas market/mechanism for ZetaEVM smart contracts is based on that of Ethermint and behaves similarly to EIP 1559 Ethereum gas fees. This gas system is built to deter malicious users from spamming the network.

Base Fee

ZetaChain includes a base flat fee of (example) 0.01 ZETA for any transactions, cross-chain messaging transactions or smart contracts. This base fee is adjustable by the network based on network traffic and congestion, and is burned.

ZETA is used to deploy and call smart contracts on ZetaChain, and to transact data and value across chains (through messaging). For ZetaChain's Athens network, they use the same ZETA that lives on connected testnet networks. With ZetaChain's Mainnet launch, ZETA will be traded and transacted across all connected chains.

You can view the addresses on respective chains here. Check out Omnichain Smart Contacts for more information about developing smart contracts on ZetaChain, where ZETA is used for gas fees. Check out the Connector docs for information on how to send ZETA as well as any data or value via ZetaChain.

How to get testnet ZETA

In our Discord you can acquire ZETA via the #zeta-faucet channel. To get some ZETA, use the command zeta faucet drip [address] in #zeta-faucet, replacing [address] with your EVM-compatible address. As we add support for additional chains, we'll allow you to get ZETA for various other networks and addresses. The faucet will also drip some native gas assets so you can get started transacting immediately!

After requesting ZETA from the bot, you will receive ZETA on each connected chain. With this ZETA in your wallets, you have all you need to start building on ZetaChain! Get started here.

Note that this testnet ZETA has no monetary value, and is only needed for testing and development purposes.

Getting Additional Testnet Gas Assets

If you need more gas assets for the respective testnet networks to transact with, you can try the following faucets:

ZetaChain is the world’s first and only blockchain that connects everything. It facilitates cross-chain and cross-layer value transfer, message delivery, and smart contract calls — thus enabling for the first time omnichain dApps (odApps) which can leverage liquidity on multiple networks and read and update states on all connected networks.

Read more about ZetaChain here.

Why is ZETA used as an intermediary token? Are intermediary tokens “bad”?

ZETA is used for many aspects of the network, including as an intermediary token in the case of cross-chain value transfer. The coin is used as gas for the network, just as ETH is used on Ethereum, as well as for maintaining and incentivizing decentralization in the network — staking, bonding, slashing, and so on. These properties provably provide a sustainable foundation to the ZetaChain network’s security, longevity, and scalability, especially when compared to many other existing interoperability solutions which can be centralized, poorly incentivized, and unsustainable long-term. Any asset or data can still be transacted across any connected chain. Having ZETA as the denomination of value moving cross-chain also provides ZetaChain an extremely minimized attack surface that is not vulnerable to many of the exploits that many projects in the interoperability space are susceptible to.

Read more about the ZETA token here.

What is ZETA?

ZETA is ZetaChain's native coin, one of the first coins that is natively issued across many chains. ZETA is used for many aspects of the network, including as an intermediary token in the case of cross-chain value transfer. The coin is used as gas for the network, just as ETH is used on Ethereum, as well as for maintaining and incentivizing decentralization in the network — staking, bonding, slashing, and so on. These properties provably provide a sustainable foundation to the ZetaChain network’s security, longevity, and scalability, especially when compared to many other existing interoperability solutions which can be centralized, poorly incentivized, and unsustainable long-term. Any asset or data can still be transacted across any connected chain. Having ZETA as the denomination of value moving cross-chain also provides ZetaChain an extremely minimized attack surface that is not vulnerable to many of the exploits that many projects in the interoperability space are susceptible to.

How do fees work on ZetaChain?

A user pays for all fees within a single transaction when performing cross-chain actions through ZetaChain. All fees (ZetaChain network fees, destination gas fees) are bundled in a single transaction.

What is an omnichain dApp?

An omnichain dApp is a decentralized application that functions seamlessly across blockchains and layers through ZetaChain. This can take the form of smart contracts deployed on various chains which interact by passing messages and value through ZetaChain, smart contracts deployed directly on ZetaChain which manage assets on any or all connected chains, or some combination thereof.

Is ZetaChain a "sidechain"?

No, ZetaChain is an L1 smart-contract-enabled blockchain that has chain-agnostic interoperability built in. It is not a sidechain, rollup, or bridge.

How does ZetaChain compare to other solutions?

ZetaChain is, at the time of writing, unique in its support for chain-agnostiic omnichain dApps. No other blockchain enables fully interoperable smart contracts. This feature allows an unbounded platform to build omnichain and cross-chain applications that function as if everything lived on a single chain. Although some systems like Cosmos offer interoperability within the IBC ecosystem, ZetaChain brings seamless interoperabiliy to all chains, including non-smart-contract chains like Bitcoin and Dogecoin. As a blockchain and smart contract platform, ZetaChain provides a fully public, transparent, decentralized interoperability solution that supports both omnichain messaging and smart contracts. Developers on ZetaChain only need to implement their dApp logic, while ZetaChain handles the transaction of data and value across chains in a trust-minimized way. Rather than outsourcing security to third-party oracle and relay like LayerZero to transfer data/value across chains — which requires full trust from the users in the applications and relayer + oracle — ZetaChain provides a simpler and more robust trust model to transact across chains where a developer and user alike need only trust the network for the delivery of their data and value. Read more about other interoperability solutions and how they compare to ZetaChain in the whitepaper.

Upon detection of the very deep re-organization, ZetaChain will halt and the recovery would be a social process between various stakeholders including ZetaChain validators and team, dApps developers, and end users. The dApps developers should build in the capability to resolve inconsistent states due to the very deep re-organization. The dApps should also configure the confirmation count accordingly to strike balance between transaction speed and finality---for example, a multi-chain NFT dApp should use a high confirmation number (such as 30 confirmation on Ethereum), whereas a cross-chain DEX could use a smaller value (such as 12 confirmations on Ethereum) because DEX deals with fungible tokens therefore the loss can be socialized.

What happens if a TX on the destination chain doesn't have enough gas?

Same answer as above. The transaction is reverted and funds are returned to the sender if the destination transaction is unable to successfully send. dApps can handle reverts easily with the Connector docs.

Is there an interface where we can run a PoS validator?

We'll provide more details for node operators soon.

Testnet and Mainnet

When will mainnet be released?

We will be releasing a full schedule for the launch of our Athens (testnet) and ZetaChain Mainnet soon. Stay tuned on our Twitter, Discord, and Telegram for updates. The current Athens Testnet is live, and you can develop dApps with that -- get started here.

Will there be an airdrop?

There are no plans for an airdrop, and performing test transactions or acquiring testnet ZETA does not translate to monetary incentives.

How do I get ZETA?

You can request testnet ZETA in the #zeta-faucet channel on our discord. This testnet ZETA does not and will never have any monetary value. It is solely for testing purposes, so that people can experience the use and power of ZetaChain.

Does testnet ZETA have any value?

No, testnet ZETA does not have any value, and will never have any monetary value. Performing transactions or acquiring ZETA on testnet networks is purely for testing purposes.

Last updated on 11/25/2022

Twitter - https://twitter.com/zetablockchain

Discord - https://discord.com/invite/kjQBqcZtnh

Telegram - https://t.me/zetachainofficial

@fillone
January 5, 2023, 00:02
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