Detection Method of Genes by DNA Microarrays
A DNA chip, also called a DNA microarray, is an analytical tool consisting of many DNA fragments closely placed on a resin or glass substrate for detection of changes in expression of genes in samples.DNA microarrays, or gene chips, allow surveys of gene expression, in a highly parallel and comprehensive manner. The pattern of gene expression produced, known as the expression profile, depicts the subset of gene transcripts expressed in a cell or tissue. At its most fundamental level, the expression profile can address qualitatively which genes are expressed in disease states.
For More Information Click Here: https://bit.ly/3mt1iTN
The core principle behind microarrays is hybridization between two DNA strands, the property of complementary nucleic acid sequences to specifically pair with each other by forming hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs. A high number of complementary base pairs in a nucleotide sequence means tighter non-covalent bonding between the two strands. After washing off non-specific bonding sequences, only strongly paired strands will remain hybridized. Fluorescently labeled target sequences that bind to a probe sequence generate a signal that depends on the hybridization conditions (such as temperature), and washing after hybridization. Total strength of the signal, from a spot (feature), depends upon the amount of target sample binding to the probes present on that spot. Microarrays use relative quantitation in which the intensity of a feature is compared to the intensity of the same feature under a different condition, and the identity of the feature is known by its position.
Leading industry players in DNA microarrays are as follows:
- Affymetrix Inc.
- Agilent Technologies Inc.
- Biomérieux SA
- Illumina, Inc.
- Perkin Elmer, Inc.
- Eurofins Genomics LLC
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.
- Macrogen Inc.
- Nipro Greiner Bio-One GmbH
- CapitalBio Corporation
Uses OF DNA Microarrays
DNA microarrays are used in various research areas because they allow comprehensive analysis of several hundred to several hundred thousand genes with a small amount of sample and in a comparatively short time.
Many DNA microarrays, including 3D-Gene, are used in research aiming toward their practical use in clinical or industrial practice.
DNA microarrays can be used to detect DNA (as in comparative genomic hybridization), or detect RNA (most commonly as cDNA after reverse transcription) that may or may not be translated into proteins. The process of measuring gene expression via cDNA is called expression analysis or expression profiling.
Want to know more about Future perspectives for DNA Microarrays??? Just go through the Link -