Emerging Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Strategies for Parkinson’s Disease
What is Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinsons disease is one of the progressive nervous system disorder that affects the movement of individuals. The symptoms of Parkinsons starts gradually with a barely noticeable tremors in one hand.
The further symptoms of the disease usually leads to stiffness, rigid muscles, impaired posture and balance, loss of automatic movement, and slowing of movement. Parkinsons disease cannot be completely cured, however, the medications helps to improve the symptoms of the disease.
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Brain – Biomaterials and gene therapy to support cellular therapy in Parkinson's disease and brain injury
Progenitors of midbrain dopaminergic neurones derived human pluripotent stem cells are strong candidates for clinical trials in Parkinson's disease and similar strategies are under development to treat brain injury following stroke or trauma. Using human stem cells in an animal model, this project will develop better materials on which to grow and deliver cells for neural transplant, and assess whether genetically modifying the cells to express growth factors can enhance their effectiveness. It will also identify ways to enhance the survival and growth of such cells by delivering agents that affect the local environment into which cells are transplanted.
Brain Cell Death
There is speculation of several mechanisms by which the brain cells could be lost. One mechanism consists of an abnormal accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein bound to ubiquitin in the damaged cells. This insoluble protein accumulates inside neurones forming inclusions called Lewy bodies.
According to the Braak staging, a classification of the disease based on pathological findings proposed by Heiko Braak, Lewy bodies first appear in the olfactory bulb, medulla oblongata and pontine tegmentum; individuals at this stage may be asymptomatic or may have early non-motor symptoms (such as loss of sense of smell, or some sleep or automatic dysfunction). As the disease progresses, Lewy bodies develop in the substantia nigra, areas of the midbrain and basal forebrain and, finally, the neocortex.
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