Biomarkers On The Brain: Putting Biomarkers Together For A Better Understanding Of The Nervous System

Biomarkers are defined as a measurable indicator which is used to identify particular disease. Additionally, they are used for evaluation of the most effective therapeutic regime for particular or drug target identification. In the field of neuroscience, biomarker plays an essential role in the identification of a number of neurological disorders and abnormalities.

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Biomarkers for neurological diseases used to be few and far between, but better technology is making it easier for researchers to track brain health by measuring molecules. This means less invasive testing, earlier diagnosis, faster drug development, and—hopefully—more effective treatments.

Biomarkers—molecules that indicate the presence of a disease or dysfunction—are becoming increasingly instrumental for confirming diagnoses, choosing the best treatments, and monitoring disease progression. One exception is biomarkers for neurological conditions. Neurological biomarkers are present in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), but rarely—or at undetectable levels—in blood. The brain is closely protected by its own private “security guard,” the blood-brain barrier, which shields it from harmful substances circulating in the bloodstream. Unfortunately for diagnostic purposes, this barrier has also made the brain’s chemistry inaccessible to a convenient blood test. Neurological biomarkers can be studied using CSF, but this requires an invasive and painful lumbar puncture procedure.

However, these elusive neurological biomarkers are now coming into view. Recent advances in detection, as well as the comprehensive power of clusters of biomarkers, or biomarker signatures, are making the brain more accessible and neurological diseases more treatable. Diagnosing and treating neurological disorders—such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, autism, and major depressive disorder—is likely to become easier with the recent advent of neurological biomarkers detected in blood.

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Reference:

• sciencemag.org
• theinsightpartners