April 29, 2020

Tissue engineering: strategies, stem cells and scaffolds

Tissue engineering is a technique, which is used as a combination of material methods and cells. Also, this technique follows the physicochemical and biochemical factors to replace and improve the biological tissues. It is an exciting strategy that works on the scaffolds, stem cells, regenerative medicine and growth factors or negotiators either in isolation or in combination. The technique uses molecular and cellular methods to combine with material engineering principles to restore tissue surgically. The growth of the Tissue Engineering is attributed to the some key driving factors such as increase incidences of chronic diseases, road accidents, and trauma injuries and technological advancements in the field of 3D tissue engineering. However, high cost of treatments related to tissue engineering is expected to restraint the growth in future.

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Technological Advancements in the Field of 3D Tissue Engineering

3D bioprinting has rapidly transformed the healthcare sector in the last few years. This technology has advanced the development of tissue with clinical potential, paving the way for high-throughput applications for drug discovery. 3D bioprinting tissue-engineering helps in the healing of injuries; new breakthroughs in the 3D printing technique are projected to offer a potential treatment option for organ failure in future. Many research organizations are working toward finding new therapies to treat organ failure and repair cells of damaged tissues.

For instance, in 2017, researchers at Penn State University discovered a revolutionary way to print tissues and organs with the use of an “electrospinning printer” that spins fibers seeded with cells to create fiber layers. This technology is both cheaper and offers an opportunity to spin polymer fibers such as collagen layers with precision and in a more controlled manner.

Leading companies operating in tissue engineering

Stryker Corporation, Organogenesis Inc., Cook Biotech Inc., Integra Life Sciences Corporation, Acelity L.P.Inc, Allergan Plc., Medtronic, Zimmer Biomet, Baxter International Inc. and DePuy Synthes (Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc.) among others.

Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing spin-off from the more conventional methods of reconstructing the body; indeed it represents a very attractive compromise between conventional medical devices and transplantation. However, whilst many of the drawbacks of these conventional techniques are eliminated in the tissue engineering approach, other difficulties have been introduced. These range from ethical positions to the highly technical aspects of cell and gene manipulation. It is far from clear how tissue engineering ‘‘products’’ will be regulated, marketed, and used clinically, and there are already disputes over the intellectual property aspects. There are tremendous opportunities with this area, but many hurdles to overcome.

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Reference

  • theinsightpartners.com
  • sciencedirect.com