Neurostimulation Devices for the Treatment of Neurologic Disorders

Implantable neurostimulation devices that are used to modulate the nervous system that improves biological functions. The activity includes the modulation of electrical signals that are transferred from the brain to various organs and vice versa. However, the devices either function by stimulating the nerve impulse or inhibit the pain signals at the target site. Whereas, technology improves the lives of patients who are suffering from the profound loss of their sense organs or severely paralyzed. The small neurostimulation device is surgically implanted under the skin, which sends a mild electrical signal to the spine, causing different sensation to the area of chronic pain.

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Neurostimulation devices provide much needed therapeutic relief to an unprecedented number of people affected by debilitating neurologic and psychiatric disorders worldwide. The rise of modern-day neuromodulation therapies extends over half a century, which are rich with serendipitous discoveries and technological advances that have led to different types of neurostimulation strategies. Within the past 2 decades, innovation in medical device technology has begun to drive the evolution of these neurostimulation systems at a more accelerated pace.

Neurostimulation therapies include invasive and noninvasive approaches that apply electromagnetic energy to specific anatomical targets to induce neuromodulation of the corresponding neural circuitry. In particular, invasive neurostimulation therapies have emerged as an effective treatment for a growing number of medically resistant neurologic and neuropsychiatric disorders. As such, this review will focus on the following established invasive neurostimulation strategies used clinically to modulate disordered circuitry to restore functionality: deep brain stimulation (DBS), motor cortex stimulation (MCS), responsive neurostimulation (RNS), spinal cord stimulation (SCS), and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). All these implantable neurostimulation systems include 3 primary components: stimulating electrode(s), an internalized pulse generator (IPG) that serves as a battery pack, and electrode extender(s) to subcutaneously connect the electrode(s) to the pulse generator. The surgical placement of the components depends on the type of neurostimulation system device, the anatomical location of the targeted dysfunctional neuronal circuitry, and the patient's medical history.

Implantable Neurostimulation Devices manufacturers are BioControl Medical, Boston Scientific Corporation, Cyberonics, Medtronic, Nevro Corporation, Spinal Modulation, St. Jude Medical, Synapse Biomedical and others.

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Reference

• theinsightpartners.com
• mayoclinicproceedings.org