Genome Editing : One Of The Biggest Science Stories Of The Decade

Genome editing is a way of making specific changes to the DNA of a cell or organism. An enzyme cuts the DNA at a specific sequence, and when this is repaired by the cell a change or ‘edit’ is made to the sequence.

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What is genome editing?

• It involves making cuts at specific DNA sequences? with enzymes? called ‘engineered nucleases’.
• Genome editing can be used to add, remove, or alter DNA in the genome?.
• By editing the genome the characteristics of a cell or an organism can be changed.

What is genome editing used for?

• It is against the law to use genome editing in human embryos? that will be allowed to develop beyond 14 days.
• Genome editing can be used:

1. For research: Genome editing can be used to change the DNA in cells or organisms to understand their biology and how they work.
2. To treat disease: Genome editing has been used to modify human blood cells that are then put back into the body to treat conditions including leukaemia? and AIDS?. It could also potentially be used to treat other infections (such as MRSA?) and simple genetic conditions (such as muscular dystrophy? and haemophilia?).
3. For biotechnology?: Genome editing has been used in agriculture to genetically modify crops to improve their yields and resistance to disease and drought, as well as to genetically modify cattle that don’t have horns.

How does genome editing work?

• Engineered nucleases are made up of two parts:

1. A nuclease part that cuts the DNA.
2. A DNA-targeting part that is designed to guide the nuclease to a specific sequence of DNA.

• After cutting the DNA in a specific place, the cell will naturally repair the cut.
• We can manipulate this repair process to make changes (or ‘edits’) to the DNA in that location in the genome.

Who Are prominent Companies In genome editing?

Transposagen Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc., Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., GenScript, Lonza, Horizon Discovery Group plc, Sangamo Therapeutics, Inc., New England Biolabs, Editas Medicine and Merck KGaA.

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Reference

• yourgenome.org
• theinsightpartners.com