Printing the Next Chapter in Tissue Engineering - 3D Bioprinting
3D Bioprinting is the utilization of 3D printing–like techniques to combine cells, growth factors, and biomaterials to fabricate biomedical parts that maximally imitate natural tissue characteristics.
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Generally, 3D bioprinting utilizes the layer-by-layer method to deposit materials known as bioinks to create tissue-like structures that are later used in medical and tissue engineering fields. Bioprinting covers a broad range of biomaterials.
Technological Advancements in the Field of 3D Tissue Engineering
3D bioprinting has rapidly transformed the healthcare sector in the last few years. This technology has advanced the development of tissue with clinical potential, paving the way for high-throughput applications for drug discovery.
3D bioprinting tissue-engineering helps in the healing of injuries; new breakthroughs in the 3D printing technique are projected to offer a potential treatment option for organ failure in future. Many research organizations are working toward finding new therapies to treat organ failure and repair cells of damaged tissues.
For instance, in 2017, researchers at Penn State University discovered a revolutionary way to print tissues and organs with the use of an “electrospinning printer” that spins fibers seeded with cells to create fiber layers. This technology is both cheaper and offers an opportunity to spin polymer fibers such as collagen layers with precision and in a more controlled manner.
Innovative handheld 3D bioprinter treats serious burns
The new system which is in the early stages of development may become a way to treat patients whose burn injuries are too extensive to allow skin grafts.
Printing new skin cells on a burn injury may eventually become the new treatment to treat burns, shared a team of researchers from Canada. They have successfully tested the newly developed 'handheld 3D printer'.
The new system which is in the early stages of development may become a way to treat patients whose burn injuries are too extensive to allow skin grafts. The results are reported on Monday (local time) in the IOP publishing journal Biofabrication.
Senior author and professor Axel Gunther, from the University of Toronto, said, "Skin grafts, where the damaged tissue is removed and replaced with skin taken from another area of the patient's body, are a standard treatment for serious burns.
The senior author also shared that while there are alternatives - including scaffolds using bovine collagen or engineered skin substitutes grown in vitro - none are ideal. To overcome these challenges, the research team designed the handheld device to deposit precursor sheets directly onto wounds of any size, shape or topography.
Co-author Dr Marc Jeschke, medical director of the Ross Tilley Burn Centre at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto, said, "In general, the wound surfaces we designed this device for are not flat, nor are they oriented horizontally. One of the most important advantages of the device is that it should allow for the uniform deposition of a bioink layer onto inclined surfaces.
Marc continued saying that in this study, we tested whether the device could do this effectively by using it to treat full-thickness burns in pigs. We found the device successfully deposited the 'skin sheets' onto the wounds uniformly, safely and reliably, and the sheets stayed in place with only very minimal movement.
"Most significantly, our results showed that the MSC-treated wounds healed extremely well, with a reduction in inflammation, scarring, and contraction compared with both the untreated wounds and those treated with a collagen scaffold," the co-author opined.
The researchers are extremely pleased by the success as well as the excellent healing outcomes of the test.
"However, in cases where a patient has extensive full-thickness burns — which destroy both the upper and lower layers of the skin -— here is not always sufficient healthy skin left to use," Axel added.