Half-timbered houses
Half-timbered buildings are bright, unconventional and efficient. In a similar style, trees, stones and glass are perfectly combined. In addition to the well-known external appearance, the houses are durable and practical. Let's look at the German technique and see if it is possible to build such a house with our own hands.
Similar buildings appeared in the states of Europe in the XIV century. Frame construction - this is how the word "half-timbered" is translated. Special sections act as a load-bearing base. It is assembled from reliable wood beams. The frame is visible from the outside, so the style of the building is immediately recognizable.
See also the volume of half-timbered houses in kilograms and liters.
There are no monolith walls. In the past, the space between the beams was filled with various materials, including bricks. Nowadays, glass or lightweight wall panels are used.
For houses from a frame, the following features are characteristic:
- metal elements are not needed to join the frame. They are connected from wood with dowels.
- impressive stands are responsible for the vertical load. The rigidity of the frame is provided by jibs.
In the traditional version, the wall is assembled on a regular surface. In the future, it rises and becomes fixed.
The classic half-timbered house has changed a bit. For example, now wood is being replaced by glued beams, and large panoramic windows are being created.
The main advantages of such houses:
Practicality. The house does not shrink when dry laminated veneer lumber forms the basis of the frame. It is important that after collecting the box, windows and doors can be mounted, as well as finishing.
Versatility. The frame will be erected in any climate in various building areas. Thanks to this technology, it will be possible to create projects with rooms without supports up to sixty square meters.
Long-term operation. The Germans are rational about every little thing. Most of the houses in Germany were built 3 centuries ago, and they do not even think to collapse.
Attractiveness. On the light façade, the dark beams make the building stand out from other boring and monotonous houses.
Construction speed. This can be done in a short time, and with high quality. And it doesn't matter what time of the year it is now.
There are also disadvantages:
- spending on thermal insulation - if you live in a cold region, then you need to install additional insulation;
- high cost - a simple frame house costs less than half-timbered houses;
- protection of the frame is needed - the outer part of the wooden beams needs to be treated with fire retardants.
In addition, it is necessary to ensure that the material does not rot.
It is difficult to mount such a structure. For self-construction of a durable building, without proper experience, you need certain knowledge and skills. It is necessary to carefully calculate the supporting elements, select wall materials and assemble everything reliably
The instructions below will give you an understanding of how to proceed correctly.
Experts are best able to develop a plan for the construction of a half-timbered building. The final price will be affected by:
- glazing. The more windows there are, the higher the cost of the house.
The quality of the kit. It is necessary to buy elements of a wooden frame. They make up the wall cake, all kinds of finishes, roofing and flooring.
Architecture. A lot of ideas are more expensive than a house.
Usually, a shallow strip base is used. The foundation is poured like this:
- the site is marked and the trench is poured;
- the channel walls are covered with waterproofing on the sides;
- pour up to forty centimeters of sand, after which it must be moistened and tamped;
- create an overlap, put a reinforcing mesh and fill the foundation;
- let the structure dry for a month and a half;
- then insulate the screed with mineral wool;
- fasten the lower harness to it. This is done using anchor bolts.
It is necessary to prepare several load-bearing parts from glued laminated timber at the walls. The horizontal posts and purlins will form the base of the box.
All kinds of beams can be joined by fixing them with a thorn. To connect them firmly, you need to use pins. You can fix elements in different ways.
The gaps between the frame beams must be filled and insulated. This is done with waterproof plywood, OSB, etc.
Remember that in German technology, heavy fill cannot be used. But an exception is possible if the foundation is significantly strengthened.
Collecting half-timbered houses is difficult, but interesting. It is very difficult to do this on your own, especially when you take into account the large financial investments. However, with the help of specialists, it will always be possible to create the spirit of the Middle Ages in your home.