Operating system and (UI)user interface

Hardware a pc conjointly wants a group of programs—an operative system—to management the devices. This page can discuss the following:

There are different kinds of operating systems: such as Windows, Linux and Mac OS
There are also different versions of these operating systems, e.g. Windows 7, 8 and 10
Operating systems can be used with different user interfaces (UI): text user interfaces (TUI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI) as examples
Graphical user interfaces have many similarities in different operating systems: such as the start menu, desktop etc.

THE ROLE OF software package within the pc
An software package (OS) may be a set of programs that ensures the ability of the hardware and software system in your pc. The software package allows, among different things

the identification and activation of devices connected to the computer,
the installation and use of programs, and
the handling of files.

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What happens after you activate your pc or smartphone?
– the pc checks the practicality of its elements and any devices connected thereto, and starts to seem for the OS on a tough drive or different memory media.
– If the OS is found, the pc starts to load it into the RAM (Random Access Memory).
– once the OS has loaded, the pc waits for commands from you.

DIFFERENT operative SYSTEMS
Over the years, many completely different operative systems are developed for various functions. the foremost typical operative systems in standard computers area unit Windows, Linux and mack OS.

WINDOWS
The name of the Windows OS comes from the actual fact that programs area unit run in “windows”: every program has its own window, and you'll be able to have many programs open at a similar time. Windows is that the most well liked OS for home computers, and there area unit many versions of it. the most recent version is Windows ten.

LINUX AND OS
Linux is associate degree ASCII text file OS, which implies that its program code is freely on the market to software system developers. this is often why thousands of programmers round the world have developed Linux, and it's thought-about the foremost tested OS within the world. Linux has been substantially influenced by the industrial OS OS.

In addition to servers, Linux is wide utilized in home computers, since there area unit an excellent variety of free programs for it (for text and image process, spreadsheets, publishing, etc.). Over the years, many various versions of Linux became on the market for distribution, most of that area unit free for the user interface ( UI ). See the extra written communication for a lot of info on Linux.

MAC OS X
Apple’s mack computers have their own software package, OS X. Most of the programs that area unit on the market for PCs also are on the market for Macs running underneath OS X, however these 2 kinds of computers cannot use the precise same programs: as an example, you can't install the mack version of the Microsoft workplace suite on a Windows pc. you'll be able to install different operative systems on mack computers, however the OS X is just on the market for computers created by Apple. Apple’s lighter moveable devices (iPads, iPhones) use a light-weight version of a similar software package, called iOS.

Mac computers area unit common as a result of OS X is taken into account quick, straightforward to be told and extremely stable and Apple’s devices area unit thought-about well-designed—though rather expensive . See the extra written communication for a lot of info on OS X.

ANDROID
Android is associate degree software package designed for phones and different mobile devices. automaton isn't on the market for desktop computers, however in mobile devices it's very popular: quite a half all mobile devices within the world run on automaton.

USER INTERFACES
A computer program (UI) refers to the a part of associate degree software package, program, or device that enables a user to enter and receive info. A text-based computer program (see the image to the left) displays text, and its commands area unit sometimes written on a statement employing a keyboard. With a graphical computer program (see the right-hand image), the functions area unit administrated by clicking or moving buttons, icons and menus by means that of a inform device.

The images contain a similar information: a directory listing of a pc. you'll be able to usually do a similar tasks despite which type of UI you're victimization.

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TEXT computer program (TUI)
Modern graphical user interfaces have evolved from text-based UIs. Some operative systems will still be used with a text-based computer program. during this case, the commands area unit entered as text.

This demonstration can show you the way to rename a come in a TUI: the instance can show each the ren (rename) and also the dir (directory listing) commands.The use of a TUI doesn't dissent substantially from a GUI (Graphical User Interface) controlled with e.g. a mouse (many TUIs mirror GUIs).

To show the text-based electronic communication in Windows, open the beginning menu and sort cmd. Press Enter on the keyboard to launch the electronic communication in an exceedingly separate window. With the electronic communication, you'll be able to sort your commands from the keyboard rather than victimization the mouse.

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE

In most operative systems, the first computer program is graphical, i.e. rather than writing the commands you manipulate varied graphical objects (such as icons) with a inform device. The underlying principle of various graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is basically a similar, thus by knowing the way to use a Windows UI, you'll presumably acumen to use Linux or another GUI.

Most GUIs have the subsequent basic components:

a begin menu with program teams
a taskbar showing running programs
a desktop
various icons and shortcuts.