'Since' va 'for' so'zlarining tugallangan zamonlarda qo'llanishi
▪️ Perfect, ya’ni tugallangan zamonlarida 'since' va 'for' payt ravishlari juda ko’p qo’llaniladi.
▪️ since – “-dan beri” deb tarjima qilinadi va undan keyin ish-harakat qachon boshlanganini bildiruvchi payt hollari yoki o'tgan zamondagi gap qo’llanadi.
▪️ for – “-dan buyon, davomida” deb tarjima qilinadi va undan keyin ish-harakat qancha uzoq davom etganini ko’rsatadigan payt hollari qo’llanadi.
💡Misol uchun quyidagi vaziyatni ko’rib chiqamiz:
🔸Tom is in New York. He arrived in the city on Monday and today is Friday. So, he has been in New York since Monday. (Tom dushanbadan beri Nyu-Yorkda, ya’ni Tomning Nyu-Yorkga tashrifi dushanba kuni boshlangan)
Endi mazkur misoldagi so’nggi gapni “for” bilan ifodalaymiz:
🔸Tom has been in New York for four days. (to’rt kundan buyon, ya’ni Tomning Nyu-Yorkdagi tashrifi to’rt kundan buyon davom etmoqda)
💡Qisqasi, 'since' payt ravishidan keyin har doim ish-harakat boshlanish nuqtasi, 'for' payt ravishidan keyin ish-harakat qancha davom etganini (muddatni) ko’rsatadigan payt hollari qo’llaniladi.
🔸It is raining. It began raining at two o’clock and it is five o’clock now. So, It has been raining since two o’clock. (boshlanish nuqtasi soat 2)
🔸It has been raining for three hours. (davomiylik 3 soat)
▪️ 'since' payt ravishidan keyin keladigan odatiy qurilmalarga misollar:
▫️ since 1991 ▫️ since last summer ▫️ since Christmas
▫️ since leaving school ▫️ since yesterday ▫️ since my birthday
▫️ since October 21 ▫️ since breakfast ▫️ since then
▪️ 'for' payt ravishidan keyin keladigan odatiy qurilmalarga misollar:
▫️ for two months ▫️ for a long time ▫️ for a year
▫️ for ten years ▫️ for ages ▫️ for two hours
▫️ for a fortnight ▫️ for centuries ▫️ for a couple of days
💡'since' payt ravishidan keyin ish-harakatning boshlanish nuqtasi sifatida o’tgan zamondagi ish-harakat ham qo’llanishi mumkin.
🔸I haven’t eaten anything since I got up. (Uyg’onganimdan beri hech narsa tanovul qilmadim.)
🔸They haven’t been in touch since she left for the South. (Ular u janubga ketganidan beri xabarlashishmadilar.)
▪️ Qo’shma gaplarda 'since' bilan boshlangan o’tgan zamondagi gap yoki birikma birinchi qo’llanishi ham mumkin.
🔸Since he went to America, we haven’t heard from him.
🔸Since Christmas, there hasn’t been snow in our region.
Muallif: Khamdambek Atajanov
O’zbekiston Yoshlar ittifoqi tashabbusi bilan tashkil etilgan "Masofaviy ta’lim" Telegram kanali.
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