Majhul nisbatning o'ziga xosliklari
▪️ Avvalgi darsda aytib oʻtilgandek, aniq nisbatdagi(active voice) gaplarda toʻldiruvchilar majhul nisbatdagi gaplarda ega oʻrniga chiqadi. Ingliz tilida shunday fe'llar borki, ular ikkita toʻldiruvchi qabul qiladi. Bunday gaplardan ikkita majhul nisbatdagi gap hosil qila olamiz. Bu fe'llar misollar: to give , ask, offer, show, tell, owe…
🔸I gave Tom the book. (Men Tomga kitobni berdim. toʻldiruvchilar - Tom va the book)
1. Tom was given a book.
2. The book was given to Tom.
🔸They offered Ann the job. (Ular Annaga ish taklif qildilar...ikkita toʻldiruvchi - Ann va the job)
1. Ann was offered the job.
2. The job was offered to Ann.
▪️ to be born - tug'ilmoq fe'li aniq bir shaxsning qachon va qayerda tug'ilganligi bildirib kelgan holatlarda faqat oʻtgan zamonda qoʻllaniladi, ya'ni 'were/was born' shaklida.
🔸Alisher Navoi was born in 1441.
🔸Where were you born? I was born in Tashkent.
⚠️Ammo to be born fe'li oddiy voqea (tug'ilish)ni bildirib kelgan holatlarda boshqa zamonlarda ham qoʻllanishi mumkin.
🔸Two babies are born in the world every second.
▪️Majhul nisbat qurilmasi boshqa fe'llardan keyin ham kela oladi. Bu holat oʻzidan keyin gerundiy yoki fe'lning infinitiv shaklini talab qiladigan fe'llardan keyin uchraydi (to like, to succeed in, to seem….).
🔸I don't like being told what to do. (Menga nima qilish kerakligi aytilishi yoqmaydi....majhul nisbat gerundiy sifatida ifodalangan.)
🔸He only succeeded in being taken for a bore.
🔸Your bag seems to have been stolen.
▪️ Majhul nisbat ma'nosini berish uchun to be fe'li oʻrniga to get fe'li ham qoʻllanishi mumkin.
🔸The window got broken (was broken) by the children.
▪️ to get fe'li bilan ifodalanuvchi majhul nisbatlarning savol va inkor shakllari do/does/did/will… va boshqa yordamchi fe'llar yordamida yasaladi.
🔸How often do you get paid? (How often are you paid?)
🔸I am surprised why Liz didn't get offered the job. (Liz wasn't offered the job)
⚠️Ammo to get fe'li faqat bir necha fe'llar bilangina majhul nisbat yasab kela oladi. Quyidagi birikmalar esa majhul ma'noda qoʻllanilmaydi:
▫️get married - uylanmoq, turmushga chiqmoq ▫️get dressed - kiyinmoq ▫️get lost - adashib qolmoq
▫️get divorced - ajrashmoq (nikohdan) ▫️get changed - kiyimni almashtirmoq
Muallif: Khamdambek Atajanov
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