Must va have to modal fe'llarining qo'llanishi (I qism)
▪️ must va have to modal fe'llari biror ish qilish kerakligi, majburiyligini bildiradi, ammo ularning qoʻllanishida bir nechta farq bor.
▪️ must modal fe'li sof modal fe'l sifatida qoʻllanilsa, have to oddiy fe'l sifatida qoʻllaniladi, ya'ni zamonlarga, shaxsga qarab moslashadi. Bu farqlarni birma bir koʻrib chiqamiz.
1️⃣ must modal fe'li hozirgi zamonda hamma shaxs uchun bir xil shaklda qoʻllaniladi.
▪️ She must see the doctor yoki you must see the doctor.
▪️ have to hozirgi zamonda shaxsga qarab tuslanadi.
▫️ I/you/we/they have to+V1
▫️ He/she/it has to +V1
🔸I have to see the doctor.
🔸She has to see the doctor.
2️⃣ must modal fe'li ish-harakat bajarilishi shart ekanligini shaxsiy fikrga bog'laydi, ya'ni kimdir shu ishni qilishga majbur ekanligi inson tomonidan belgilanadi. (subyektiv majburiyat)
🔸I haven't phoned Ann for ages. I must phone her tonight. (Men Annaga koʻp vaqtdan beri telefon qilmadim. Bugun kechqurun unga telefon qilishim kerak....Muallif oʻzi majburiyatni his qilayapti.)
🔸You must do what you are told, don't complain. (buyruq)
🔸She's a really nice person. You must meet her. (Kuchli maslahat … U juda yaxshi inson. U bilan koʻrishishing kerak.)
▪️ have to modal fe'li ish-harakat bajarilishi shart ekanligini faktga bog'laydi, ya'ni tashqi vaziyat biror ish qilishga bizni majbur qiladi. (obyektiv majburiyat)
🔸He has poor eyesight. He has to wear glasses. (Uning koʻzi yaxshi koʻrmaydi, u koʻzoynak taqishga majbur…. Koʻzoynak taqish kerakligi obyektiv majburiyat)
🔸In Britian children have to go to school at the age of five.
🔸George can't come out with us this evening. He has to work.
3️⃣ Soʻroq gaplarni hosil qilishda must modal fe'lining oʻzi qatnashadi va egadan oldinga chiqadi.
🔸Must you leave now? (Hozir ketishingiz shartmi?)
🔸Must he return the book?
▪️ have to modal fe'lining soʻroq shakllari hozirgi zamonda do/does va oʻtgan zamonda did yordamchi fe'llari bilan yasaladi.
🔸Do you have to go now? (Siz hozir ketishingiz shartmi?)
🔸Does he have to wear glasses?
🔸Did you have to get up early yesterday?
Must va have to modal fe'llarining qo'llanishi
▪️ must va have to modal fe'llari biror ish qilish kerakligi, majburiyligini bildiradi, ammo ularning qoʻllanishida bir nechta farq bor.
▪️ must modal fe'li sof modal fe'l sifatida qoʻllanilsa, have to oddiy fe'l sifatida qoʻllaniladi, ya'ni zamonlarga, shaxsga qarab moslashadi. Bu farqlarni birma bir koʻrib chiqamiz.
1️⃣ must modal fe'li hozirgi zamonda hamma shaxs uchun bir xil shaklda qoʻllaniladi.
▪️ She must see the doctor yoki you must see the doctor.
▪️ have to hozirgi zamonda shaxsga qarab tuslanadi.
▫️ I/you/we/they have to+V1
▫️ He/she/it has to +V1
🔸I have to see the doctor.
🔸She has to see the doctor.
2️⃣ must modal fe'li ish-harakat bajarilishi shart ekanligini shaxsiy fikrga bog'laydi, ya'ni kimdir shu ishni qilishga majbur ekanligi inson tomonidan belgilanadi. (subyektiv majburiyat)
🔸I haven't phoned Ann for ages. I must phone her tonight. (Men Annaga koʻp vaqtdan beri telefon qilmadim. Bugun kechqurun unga telefon qilishim kerak....Muallif oʻzi majburiyatni his qilayapti.)
🔸You must do what you are told, don't complain. (buyruq)
🔸She's a really nice person. You must meet her. (Kuchli maslahat … U juda yaxshi inson. U bilan koʻrishishing kerak.)
▪️ have to modal fe'li ish-harakat bajarilishi shart ekanligini faktga bog'laydi, ya'ni tashqi vaziyat biror ish qilishga bizni majbur qiladi. (obyektiv majburiyat)
🔸He has poor eyesight. He has to wear glasses. (Uning koʻzi yaxshi koʻrmaydi, u koʻzoynak taqishga majbur…. Koʻzoynak taqish kerakligi obyektiv majburiyat)
🔸In Britian children have to go to school at the age of five.
🔸George can't come out with us this evening. He has to work.
3️⃣ Soʻroq gaplarni hosil qilishda must modal fe'lining oʻzi qatnashadi va egadan oldinga chiqadi.
🔸Must you leave now? (Hozir ketishingiz shartmi?)
🔸Must he return the book?
▪️ have to modal fe'lining soʻroq shakllari hozirgi zamonda do/does va oʻtgan zamonda did yordamchi fe'llari bilan yasaladi.
🔸Do you have to go now? (Siz hozir ketishingiz shartmi?)
🔸Does he have to wear glasses?
🔸Did you have to get up early yesterday?
4️⃣must modal fe'li majburiyatni bildirish uchun faqat hozirgi zamonda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸She must see the doctor today.
▪️ Boshqa zamonlarda esa have to modal fe'lining tuslangan shakllari qoʻllashimiz zarur.
▫️ Past simple tense - Ega+had to+V1
▫️ Present perfect simple tense - Ega+have/has had to+V1
▫️ Past perfect simple tense - Ega+had had to+V1
▫️ Future simple tense tense - Ega+ will have to+V1
▫️ Present continuous tense - Ega+am/is/are having to+V1
▪️ Misollar:
🔸She had to see the doctor yesterday. (U doctor bilan koʻrishishga majbur boʻldi/toʻg'ri keldi)
🔸She will have to see the doctor tomorrow.
🔸She has had to see the doctor for a few times in the past three weeks.
🔸She had had to see the doctor before she had an operation.
🔸She is having to do a lot of work these days.
5️⃣ have to modal fe'li boshqa modal fe'llardan keyin ham qoʻllanila oladi. Masalan: may/might modal fe'llaridan keyin.
🔸She may have to see the doctor.
6️⃣Boʻlishsiz shaklda qoʻllanilganda mustn't+V1 va don't/doesn't have to +V1 hozirgi zamonda bir-biridan umuman farq qiladi.
⚠️mustn't+V1 qurilmasi -maslik shart degan ma'noni, ya'ni taqiqni bildiradi.
🔸You mustn't walk on the grass. (Maysa ustida yurish mumkin emas/taqiqlangan)
🔸You mustn't shout in the library.
⚠️mustn't+V1 shakli faqat hozirgi zamonda taqiqni bildirgani sababli oʻtgan zamonda taqiqni bildirish uchun turli xil boshqa fe'llardan foydalaniladi. Masalan:
🔸You weren't allowed to enter the building. (allow fe'li)
🔸It was forbidden for you to enter the building. (forbid fe'li)
✅don't/doesn't have to +V1 qurilmasi 'shart emas, qilmasa ham boʻladi 'degan ma'nolarni, ya'ni biror ish-harakat qilish majburiy emasligini anglatadi.
🔸It's Sunday tomorrow. I don't have to get up early. (Ertaga yakshanba. Men erta turishim shart emas.)
🔸You don't have to shout. I can hear you well.
✅Oʻtgan zamonda have to modal fe'li boʻlishsiz gaplarda didn't have to shaklini oladi va 'shart emas edi qilmasa ham boʻlardi ' degan ma'nolarni anglatadi.
🔸I didn't have to get up early, it was Sunday. (Erta turishim shart emas edi, yakshanba kuni edi.)
🔸I managed to do a lot of work yesterday because I didn't have to cook.
7️⃣ must modal soʻzi ba'zan kuchli maslahat berish (strong recommendation) ma'nosida ham qoʻllaniladi.
🔸She is a very nice person. You must meet her.
▪️ have to modal fe'li oʻrniga hozirgi zamonda have/has got to shaklida ham qoʻllaniladi. Bunday qurilmani og'zaki nutqda koʻp uchratamiz va odatda bir martalik ish-harakatlar uchun qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I have got to take a taxi today. There is no bus and I am going to be late.
Muallif: Khamdambek Atajanov
O’zbekiston Yoshlar ittifoqi tashabbusi bilan tashkil etilgan "Masofaviy ta’lim" Telegram kanali.