Preposition + gerund
✳️ Umumiy qoidaga binoan predloglardan (in/at/with/of/about/for/instead of/ in spite of etc.) keyin fe'lning gerundiy shakl i qoʻllaniladi .
🔸Are you interested in working for us?
🔸I am not very good at learning languages.
🔸She must be fed up with studying.
🔸What are the advantages of having a car?
🔸This knife is only for cutting bread .
🔸I bought a bike instead of going away on holiday.
✳️ before va after predloglarining gerundiy bilan qoʻllanishiga e'tibor bering. Bu vaziyatda [before / after +gerund] qurilmasi gap oʻrnini bosib kela oladi.
🔸Before going out, I phoned Sarah. (Before I went out…)
🔸What did you do after leaving school? (After you left school…)
✳️by - orqali predlogi gerundiy bilan qoʻllanilganda ish-harakatning qay tarzda amalga oshirilganini koʻrsatadi.
🔸The burglar got into the house by breaking the window and climbing in. (Oʻg'ri ichkariga oynani sindirib kiribdi.)
🔸She made herself ill by not eating properly. (U o'zini to'g'ri ovqatlanmasdan kasal qilib qo'ydi)
✳️ without - -masdan, -siz predlogi ish-harakatni boshqa bir ish-harakat amalga oshirilmasdan bajarilganini koʻrsatadi.
🔸I ran ten kilometers without stopping. (Men toʻxtamasdan 10 kilometr yugurdim.)
🔸She needs to work without people disturbing her.
✳️ besides, as well as, apart from koʻmakchilari gapda qoʻllanilganda –dan tashqari degan ma’noda qoʻllaniladi.
🔸Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels in his spare time. (Shifokor bo'lib ishlashdan tashqari u bo'sh vaqtida romanlar yozadi)
🔸She negotiates the licences as well as ordering the equipment.
✳️ Ingliz tilida to — ga predlogining gerundiy bilan ishlatilish holatlarini ham bilib olish kerak. Bunday vaziyatlarda predlogni infinitivlik qo'shimchasi bo'lgan to soʻzidan farqlay bilish lozim. Quyidagi birikmalarda to predlog hisoblanadi.
🔸I prefer driving to traveling by train. (prefer doing something to doing something else)
🔸I am looking forward to seeing Ann again. (look forward to doing something)
🔸I am used to living alone. (be/get used to doing something)
🔸I am accustomed to living alone. (be/get accustomed to doing something)
🔸This offer is made subject to receiving your confirmation within 10 days. (subject to doing something)
✳️ be/get used to+gerund (o'rganib ketgan bo'lmoq) qurilmasini oʻtgan zamondagi odat va holatlar uchun qoʻllaniladigan used to + bare infinitive qurilmasidan shaklan farqlay bilish lozim. Bunday vaziyatlarda used to dan oldin fe’l boʻlsa gerundiy, fe’l boʻlmasa bare infinitive qoʻllaniladi.
🔸I am used to living in a small city. (Men kichkina shaharda yashashga oʻrganib ketganman.)
🔸I used to live in a small city. (Men kichkina shaharda yashardim.)
Muallif: Khamdambek Atajanov
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