Virology: New Research and Development Strategies
What is virology?
Virology is the scientific discipline concerned with the study of the microbiological or pathological science which involves the study of viruses and viral diseases, including the distribution, biochemistry, disease producing properties, physiology, molecular biology, ecology, cultivation, evolution, genetics and clinical aspects of viruses. Virology explain about the interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they cause, the techniques to isolate and culture them, ways to infect and exploit host cells for reproduction, and their use in research and therapy.
Microbiology testing considered as one of the most rapidly growing segments in the diagnostics industry. The major driving forces for this include continuous spread of HIV, which is the world's major health threat and is a key factor contributing to the rise in opportunistic infections, bioterrorism, advances in molecular diagnostic technologies, and a wider availability of immune suppressive drug.
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The recent global outbreak of COVID-19 spurred researchers around the world to quickly create a vaccine to combat the pandemic. However, creation of a human viral vaccine generally takes 10–20 years, but that is the kind of time we do not have when faced with an ongoing pandemic. Even in absence of a pandemic, many researchers consider 10 years too long for a process of creating such vital, life-saving preventive therapies.
Virology covers all aspects of the virus from evolution, structure, life cycle and function to the diseases that they are responsible for and the host defenses against them. Viruses are infectious particles that are loaded with genetic material ( DNA or RNA) that insert themselves into host cells, splice themselves into the host genome and get themselves replicated. The various structures and all of the places of the life cycle of the viruses is important in virology both for classification and for inventing ways to destroy the virus or limit its damaging effects.
Classification, which is a major part of virology, can be done in several ways. One way is in terms of the host organisms that the virus infects, such as animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. Each of these different types of cell is different so each presents a different challenge to the virus in its efforts to get replicated. Viruses can also be classified in terms of the genetic material present. They may have, for example, a single or double strand of RNA or DNA. Besides host organism and the type of genetic material the shape of the virus is also used in classification.
To accelerate the process of vaccine creation, we need a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive immune responses against emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Therefore, researchers need capabilities for high-throughput testing of new vaccine antigens and delivery platforms early in the vaccine creation process. Leading the way are new technologies for developing innovative delivery and formulation.
The companies referred in the research are Abbott, Johnson and Johnson Services, Boehringer Ingelheim, Siemens AG, Merck and Co, QIAGEN, Thermo Fisher Scientific, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Novartis etc..
References:
https://www.genengnews.com/resources/ebooks/new-research-and-development-strategies-in-virology-viral-immunology/
https://www.mimg.ucla.edu/virology-items/
https://www.theinsightpartners.com/reports/virology-market