Philosophy of Ancient Greece

Classical Period:
Socrates: Founder of Western philosophy, known for his method of dialectical inquiry and questions aimed at discovering truth. Socrates left no written works, but his ideas were recorded by his students, especially Plato.
Plato: A disciple of Socrates and founder of the Academy in Athens. In his dialogues, he expounded ideas about ideal forms and a just state. His work The State is one of the greatest works of philosophical thought.
Aristotle: A disciple of Plato, founder of the Lycaeus. Aristotle systematized the knowledge of his time and produced works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, politics, and the natural sciences. His ideas about the “golden mean” and classification of sciences had a great influence on subsequent philosophy.

Hellenistic period:
Stoicism: Founder Zeno of Cytius. The Stoics argued that virtue and reason were the basis of a happy life, and that the passions should be controlled.
Epicureanism: Epicurus argued that the purpose of life is to achieve pleasure and avoid pain through knowledge and wisdom.
Skepticism: Skeptical philosophers such as Pyrrhon doubted the possibility of reliable knowledge and argued that the wise man should refrain from judgment.