Stakeholders

Оглавление

Typical key stakeholders in a project

Some of the typical key project stakeholders you'll find in a project include:

• Customers: The direct user of a product or service, often both internal and external to the company executing the project
• Project manager: The project's leader
• Project team members: The group executing the project under the project manager's leadership
• Project sponsor: The project's financier
• Steering committee: An advisory group providing guidance on key decisions, which includes the sponsor, executives, and key stakeholders from the organization
• Executives: The top management in the company executing the project; those who direct the organization's strategy
• Resource managers: Other managers who control resources needed for executing the project

There are many more examples of project stakeholders, including: sellers/suppliers, contractors, owners, government agencies, media outlets, and even society at large.

What is covered in a stakeholder management plan?

The primary components of a stakeholder management plan are:

1. Prioritization of stakeholders: Rank stakeholders based on their ability to influence your project and how much they care about its outcome.
2. Stakeholder expectations: You cannot manage expectations if you don’t know what they are. You must document everything, including how they prefer to communicate and what they want to be involved with.
3. Communication rules: The plan should outline the level, frequency, and type of communication with each stakeholder as well as who on the team is their point of contact.
4. Action plans: This is the meat of your plan — It’s where you outline how you will manage stakeholder involvement and what steps to take to ensure expectations are met.

Top tips for how creating a stakeholder management plan

Here are eight tips for how to create the perfect stakeholder management plan:

1. Use a template: A stakeholder management template guide or a pre-built RACI template will save you time creating your plan, ensure no information fields are overlooked, and create consistency, as every stakeholder plan in your company will look the same.
2. Start early: Key stakeholders can influence your project before it’s even off the ground. Identifying and involving stakeholders early can make all the difference to their level of engagement and your success.
3. Update regularly: Stakeholders change throughout your project. Some may leave positions while others may join. Plus, their level of engagement and expectations may evolve as time goes on. Review your plan at least monthly to ensure it’s up-to-date.
4. Ensure transparency: Transparency builds trust, and when you have your stakeholders’ trust, you’re much more likely to have their cooperation and support. When creating your communication guidelines in your plan, keep in mind that open, frequent, two-way communication creates project transparency.
5. Make priority clear: Including a grid or matrix of stakeholders based on interest and influence can help you quickly see and understand where to focus your efforts.
6. Be concise: For your plan to be successful, you need to get to the root of what people care about and document it in concise, easy-to-understand terms that anyone who reads it can grasp.
7. Plan for conflict: You will inevitably have stakeholders with conflicting needs. Be proactive about how you will resolve issues and document this approach in your plan so that everyone is aware of it beforehand.
8. Publish it: Your stakeholder management plan shouldn’t be a secret. Store it somewhere accessible and share it with stakeholders. Not only does this increase transparency, but it also helps ensure no stakeholders or key factors were overlooked.

5 Levels of Stakeholder Engagement

1. Unaware – Not aware of the project and the impacts of the project
2. Resistant – Aware of the project and resistant to change
3. Neutral – Aware of the project and neither supports or resists
4. Supportive – Aware of the project and supportive of change
5. Leading – Aware of the project and impact and actively engaged in ensuring the project is a success

Класификация стейкхолдеров:

http://requirements.ru/lections_16#162