Present Perfect

HOZIRGI TUGALLANGAN ZAMONNING ISHLATILISHI
🔹1.Present Perfect hozirdan oldin tugagan, natijasi ko‘z oldimizda bo‘lgan ish-harakatni ifodalash uchun ishlatiladi. Ish-harakat ancha oldin tugagan bo‘lishi mumkin, bunda asosiy e’tibor vaqtga emas, natijaga qaratiladi.

I have broken my pencil-Qalamimni sindirib qo‘ydim.
Buyerda bizga qachon sindirganimiz emas, sindrib qo’yganimiz ish harakatning natijasi muxim. Qalam sindrilgan va u hozir siniq shu natija biz uchun muxim qachin sindi uni bizga qiziq emas..

👉Yana bir nechta misollar bilan ko’rib chiqamiz
▪️I have opened the window. Men derazani ochdim(deraza ochiq)
▪️I’ve lost my key Kalitimni yo’qotdim(menda hozir kalit yo’q)

🔹2. Hali tugamagan vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari – today bugun, this week shu hafta, this month shu oy, this year bu yil bilan Present Perfect ishlatiladi va Present Perfect bir necha marta takrorlangan ish-harakatlarni ifodalaydi:

▪️She has taken fifteen pictures today(buyerda bugun holi tugamadi va u yana surat olishi mumkun)
Ammo: She took twenty pictures yesterday(buyerda kecha o’tib bo’ldi va vaqt tugadi shu sababli past simple ishlatamiz)

Muximi vaqt tugamagan bo’lshi kerak . Va hozir bilan bog’liq bo’lshi kerak.
❗️Izoh: today, this week, this month kabi hali tugamagan vaqt ko‘rsatkichlari mavjud bo‘lgan gaplarda bugunning, shu haftaning, shu oyning ma’lum bo‘lagi ko‘zda tutilganda Simple Past ishlatiladi:
▪️I got up early today. Men bugun erta turdim.

🔹3.Present Perfect ko‘pincha quyidagi ravishlar bilan ishlatiladi: ever biror vaqt, never hech qachon, often tez-tez, ko‘pincha, already allaqachon, yet hali, allaqachon, lately yaqinda, just hozirgina.
▪️I have never read that book. Men u kitobni hech qachon o‘qiganim yo‘q.
▪️He hasn’t finished his work yet. U hali ishini tugatgan emas.
🔹4.Present Perfect since/for (dan beri) predlogi bilan ishlatiladi:
▪️I haven’t heard from him since June.
Men iyundan buyon u haqda eshitganim yo‘q.
▪️He has known Mr. Bell since 1998. U mister Bellni 1998-yildan buyon taniydi (biladi).
5🔹Yana biz it’s the (first) time iborasi bilan ham ishlatamiz
▪️it’s the second time he has phoned her– Bu ikkinchi marta qo’ng’iroq qilishi
Present Perfect or Past Simple?
❗️Nega deysizmi etibor bersangiz bu ikkita zamon bir biriga juda o’xshash ya’ni o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan ish xarakat haqida gap ketadi faqat berladigan malumotga qay tomondan yondashishdan biroz farq qiladi.

▪️He has lost his key
▪️He lost his key

Tepadagi ikkita gapda ham bir xil ish xaqida ya’ni kalit yo’qolishi haqida ketyabdi ammo bu ikkita zamon bizga umuman boshaqa manolarni beradi keeling unda birichi misolni Present Perfectni ko’rib chiqamiz
▪️I have lost my key
🔹Bu gap bizga uning kalitini yo’qotganimni va hozir unda kalit yo’qligini bildiradi. Present Perfect doim bizga hozir haqida gapiradi va aytilgan ishning natijasi hozir bilan bog’liq bo’ladi
I lost my key
🔸Bu misolda esa faqat bizga uning kalit yo’qotgani malum hozir u kalitni topganmi yo’qmi bunisi nomalum. O’tgan zamon faqat ish harakatni o’zni aytadi uning natijasi esa malum bo’lmaydi.

❗️Qachonki biz Perfectni holatlar uchun ishlatsak, bunda holat yakunlanmagan bo’ladi yakunlansa unda Simple ishlatamiz
▪️I've had these skis for years.
▪️I had those skis for years.

🔹Birinchi misolda qarasak bunda menda bizda bir necha yildan beri chang'i borligini va hozir ham bizda borligini bildiradi.
🔸Ikkinchi misolda esa bir necha yillar menda bo’lganini hozir esa menda yo’qligini bildiradi…

❗️Biz takrorlanuvchi ish harakatlar uchun Perfectni ishlatsa bu o’sha ish harakat takrorlanishi mumkunligini bildiradi. O’tgan zamonda esa bu turdagi ishlar tugagani va yana takrorlanmasligini bildiradi

▪️Gayle has acted in more than fifty films.
▪️Gayle acted in more than fifty films.
🔹Birichi misolda Gayle 5 filmda o’ynagani va hali karerasini yakunlamagani bildiradi va u yana boshqa filmlarda o’ynashi mumkun
🔸Ikkinchi misolda esa Gayle boshqa filmlarda o’ynamasligi u o’lgan yoki karerasni yakunlagani bildiradi..

▪️There has been a serious accident on the M5. It happened at ten o'clock this
morning near Preston when a lorry went out of control and collided with a car..
❗️Buyerda malumot Present Perfectda berilmoqda va malumotni detallari Past Simple berilmoqda. Biz biror yangi malumotni Perfectda beramiz va malumot berishda davom etsa Past simple Foydalanamiz

❗️this morning, this afternoon and today bu sozlar bilan ikkala zamon ham ishlatiladi ammo ozgina manoda farq boladi

▪️It has been windy this morning. (Tong tugamadi hozir tong)
▪️It was windy this morning.–(Hozir abet yoki kechqurun)