Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Symptoms, Causes, And Diet.

As our lifestyle has become so advanced that we don’t care about the basic necessities which are required to the body for a healthy life. Today almost everyone on the globe has some sufferings which can be in any form. Type 2 diabetes mellitus or Type two diabetes mellitus is one of them. Read this article to know Type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms, causes, and diet.

Diabetes mellitus is one of them. In 2017, it was estimated that about 425 million people around worldwide have been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in which about 90% of people are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

When coming upon the ratio, men and women both share equal rates. The death rate due to diabetes mellitus in early age has now also increased. In 2017, about 3.2 to 5.0 million death has been recorded worldwide due to diabetes mellitus.

What Is Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Hyperglycaemia has many causes but is most commonly due to type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

People with hyperglycemia usually have disturbed metabolism of carbohydrate, fat, and protein due to lack of insulin secreted by β-cell of the pancreas. Along with this, hyperglycemia also disturbs normal water and electrolyte balance; as a result, death may take place due to acute metabolic decompensation.

As the diabetes mellitus progresses, irreversible pathological changes can be seen in the form of:-

Blindness (due to glaucoma)
Nephropathy which can progress to renal failure
Neuropathy (loss of nerve sensation)
Foot ulcers (due to neuropathy)
Amputation due to gangrene
Charcot’s joints
Sexual dysfunctions in both sexes (impotency in male and loss of libido in female)

If this condition still progresses than the prognosis of the patient can go to the worse with the high-risk cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular disease and cerebrovascular diseases (in the form of diabetic coma).

Diagnostic Value of Diabetes Mellitus (in mg/dl)

Classification of Diabetes Mellitus

DM is generally classified under four groups:-

1.Type 1 diabetes

Immune-mediated
Idiopathic

2. Type 2 diabetes

Other specific types

Genetic defects of β-cell function
Genetic defects of insulin action (e.g. leprechaunism, lipodystrophies)
Diseases of pancreas
Excess amount of counter-regulatory hormones
Drug-induced (e.g. corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, phenytoin)
Viral infections (e.g. congenital rubella, mumps, Coxsackievirus B)
Uncommon forms of immune-mediated diabetes
Associated with genetic syndromes (e.g. Down’s syndrome; Klinefelter’s syndrome; Turner’s syndrome; DIDMOAD (Wolfram’s syndrome) —diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, nerve deafness; Friedreich’s ataxia; myotonic dystrophy)

3. Gestational diabetes

WHAT IS TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS DIABETES?

Type 1 diabetes, formerly called juvenile diabetes, is usually diagnosed in children, teenagers, and young adults. Type 1 diabetes may develop in adults also.

This is an autoimmune disease causing specific destruction of β-cells of the pancreas which results in an absolute insulinopenia.

WHAT IS TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS DIABETES?

Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset diabetes. It is the most common form and has an insidious onset.

Type 2 diabetes is a more complex condition than type 1 diabetes because there is a combination of resistance to the actions of insulin in liver and muscle together with impaired pancreatic β-cell function leading to ‘relative’ insulin deficiency.