Vaccines in Aquaculture: The Search for an Efficient Delivery System
The development of a strong aquaculture industry is dependent, in part, on advances in the diagnosis and treatment of fish diseases such as vibriosis. Vaccination is one method of lowering the risks associated with the occurrence of disease. The vaccination of large populations of marine animals, however, presents special problems and considerations. The delivery methods employed, for example, must be effective not only from the point of view of protection against infection but they must also be cost-effective. This review attempts to assess some of the currently employed vaccine delivery methods, as well as describing emerging technologies which may have application in the aquaculture industry.
An increase in global consumption and production had led to the advancement and development of vaccinations for different species.
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The global aquaculture vaccines market is segmented based on the vaccine type, application, species type, and route of administration. Based on the vaccine type, the market is classified as activated vaccines, live vaccines, and DNA vaccines. Based on application, the market is divided into bacterial infections, viral infections, fungal infections, and parasitic infections. On the basis of species type, the aquaculture vaccines market is classified as sturgeon, trout, seabass, carp, salmon, and other species type. Based on the route of administration market is classified as injection vaccination, immersion vaccination, spray vaccination, and oral vaccination.
“The production of salmon species has increases from 1.3 million to 2.2 million over the last decade,” according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations.
Inactivated vaccines were introduced with an aim to protect the aquaculture species against any disease outbreaks. When disease outbreaks such as bacterial and viral infections occur diagnostics are conducted to identify the cause.Based on that the appropriate treatment is applied. Inactivated vaccines are efficient in treating such diseases.”
Immersion vaccines allow immune cells located in the fish's gills and skin to become directly exposed to antigens. These immune cells then start producting antibodies which protects the fish from future infections. “Immersion vaccination occurs by the means of dipping depending on the size and species type. Therefore, the growing efficiency of such vaccines will augment market growth.
“The Canadian market is one of the largest in the world and is projected to expand at a CAGR of 6.3% over the forecast period. During this forecast timeframe Canada will continue to grow at a global level. This will increase investments in research and development of the vaccines by major Canadian players such as Merck Animal Health and Zoetis. Some of the key industry players operating in the global aquaculture vaccines market include Hipra, Zoetis Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Tecnovax, Virbac, Veterquimica S.A., and Nisseiken Co. Ltd.”
Source: The Insight Partners & fishfarmingexpert