
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, those being unicellular (single cell), multicellular (cell colony), or acellular (lacking cells). Microbiology encompasses numerous sub-disciplines including virology, bacteriology, protistology, mycology, immunology and parasitology.

Epigenetics refers to external modifications to DNA that turn genes "on" or "off." These modifications do not change the DNA sequence, but instead, they affect how cells "read" genes.

Protein expression is a process in which proteins are synthesized, modified and regulated. Protein expression involves laboratory techniques & procedures which aid in manufacture of proteins.

CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) technology is a simple but powerful tool for genome editing. This tool enables life science researchers to easily edit DNA sequences and modify gene function. It has many potential applications include correcting genetic defects, treating and preventing the spread of diseases and improving crops.

Bioinformatics is an amalgamation of biology and information technology, which uses software to link biological data with techniques for information storage, distribution and analysis to support multiple areas of scientific research, including biomedicine.