Nega “Molxona” ko’proq insonlar haqida ? || Why “Animal farm” is more about humans?
English 🇬🇧 below 👇⏬
“Odamlardan eng yaxshisi ularning o’lganidir.”
“… Hayvonlar avval Napoleonni, so‘ng Snoubolni tinglar, lekin qaysi biri haq ekanini aniqlay olmas edilar; aslida esa, ular har doim aynan gapirayotgan tomonning fikriga qo’shilishar edi.”
“Endi Napoleon haqida shunchaki ‘Napoleon’ deb gapirilmasdi. U faqat rasmiy uslubda ‘Bizning Rahbarimiz, Muhtaram Napoleon’ deb tilga olinardi va to‘ng‘izlar unga ‘Barcha hayvonlarning otasi’, ‘Insoniyat kushandasi’, ‘Qo‘ylar panohkori’, ‘O‘rdak bolalarining do‘sti’ kabi unvonlarni o‘ylab topishni yaxshi ko‘rishardi.”
“Ko‘pincha bir tovuq ikkinchisiga shunday deganini eshitish mumkin edi: ‘Rahbarimiz, Muhtaram Napoleonning yo‘lboshchiligi ostida men olti kunda besh dona tuxum qo‘ydim’. Yoki ikki sigir, hovuz yonida suv icharkan, zavq bilan shunday deyishardi: ‘Muhtaram Napoleonning rahbarligi tufayli bu suv naqadar lazzatli!’”
“Ular hozirgi hayot og‘ir va mashaqqatli ekanini, ko‘pincha och qolishlarini, sovqotishlarini va uyqudan boshqa paytlarda faqat ishlashlarini bilishardi. Ammo shubhasiz, ilgari bundan ham yomon bo‘lgan… va bunga ishonish ularni xursand qilardi.”
“BARCHA HAYVONLAR TENG, LEKIN BA’ZI HAYVONLAR BOSHQALARIGA QARAGANDA TENGROQDIR.”
“Tashqaridagi mavjudotlar bir to‘ng‘izga, so‘ng insonga qarashdi, keyin yana to‘ng‘izga, yana insonga… Lekin endi ularning qay biri kimligini aytishning iloji yo‘q edi.”
Yuqoridagi iqtiboslar Jorj Oruellning “Hayvonot fermasi” yoxud o’zbek tiliga “Molxona” nomi ostida nashr qilingan kitobidan olingan bo’lib u go‘yoki hayvonlar haqida yozilgandek tuyuladi, asosiy qahramonlari ham odamlar emas. Ammo asar boshdan adoq insonlarning ishlari haqida eslatib turadi – u ramzlar va timsollarga boy bo‘lib, hokimiyatga ochko‘zlik, ko‘pchilikni manipulyatsiya qilish, ularni qo‘rquvda va qattiq nazorat ostida ushlab turish kabi mavzularni aks ettiradi.
Spirtli ichimlikka mukkasidan ketgan fermer Jonning fermasida hayvonlar yashirin yig‘ilishlar o‘tkaza boshlaydi. Ular Mayor laqabli qari to‘ng‘iz atrofida to‘planib, uning bashoratomuz tushlarini tinglaydilar – bu tushlarga ko‘ra, yaqin orada hayvonlar odamlarni ag‘darib tashlaydi va Hayvonot fermasi aholisi erkin va baxtli bo‘lishadi, ocharchilik degan narsa yo‘qoladi. Qari Mayor ularga yana bir muhim narsani eslatadi: odamlarga qarshi kurashar ekanlar, ularga o‘xshab qolmasliklari shart.
“Hatto odamni yengib bo‘lgach ham, uning illatlarini o‘zlashtirmang. Hech bir hayvon uyda yashamasligi, to‘shakda uxlamasligi, kiyim kiymasligi, sharob ichmasligi, tamaki chekmasligi, pulga tegmasligi yoxud savdo bilan shug‘ullanmasligi kerak. Odamning barcha odatlari yovuzdir. Eng muhimi esa – hech bir hayvon o‘z turdoshiga zulm qilmasligi shart. Kuchli bo‘lishimiz, zaif bo‘lishimiz, aqlli yoki sodda bo‘lishimiz muhim emas – barchamiz birodarmiz. Hech bir hayvon boshqa hayvonni o‘ldirmasligi kerak. Barcha hayvonlar teng.”
Biroq, odamlarni haydab yuborganidan keyin ferma boshqaruvini qo’lga olgan to‘ng‘izlar Mayor vasiyat qilgan narsaning tamoman aksini bajarishadi.
Asar davomida barcha hayvonlar uchun qonun sifatida belgilangan Yetti buyruqlarning barchasi o‘zgarib yoki yo‘qolib ketishi jarayoni juda qiIq tasvirlangan. Masalan, Napoleon ba’zi hayvonlarni “xiyonatda ayblab” qatl ettirganda, oltinchi buyruq bo’yicha “Hech bir hayvon boshqa hayvonni o‘ldirmasligi kerak” edi. Lekin keyinchalik buyruqning oxiriga “SABABSIZ” so‘zi qo‘shiladi va hayvonlar go‘yo oxirgi so‘zni esdan chiqarishganiga ishontiriladi. Roman qahramonlari bizga atrofimizdagi odamlarni – hamkasblarimiz, qo‘shnilarimiz, do‘stlarimizni eslatadi. Masalan, Boksyor ismli ot – o‘z ishiga fidoyi mehnatkash bo‘lib, u “har kuni hammadan yarim soat oldin uyg‘onib, fermaning eng zarur joylarida ko‘ngilli ravishda ishlardi.” Uni vaqtliroq uyg’otish uchun hattoki bir xo’rozcha yollaydi. U har qanday muammo yoki qiyinchilikka “Men yanada ko‘proq ishlayman!” deb javob berar va buni shaxsiy shiori deb bilardi. Ammo u qarib, zaiflashgach, to‘ng‘izlar uni veterinariya shifoxonasiga jo‘natamiz deb, aslida esa mol so‘yadigan joyga sotib yuborishadi.
Muallifning “To‘ng‘izlar xirmon xonasini o‘z shtablariga aylantirishdi” degan iborasi hukmron sinfning har doim qiladigan ishini tasvirlaydi: ular g’aznaga boshqalardan ko‘proq huquqqa egaligini da’vo qilib, hokimiyatni mustahkamlashga harakat qiladi.
Asar davomida erkin fikr almashish va sog‘lom bahs-munozaralarga boy bo’lgan muhitning sekin-astalik bilan hukmron avtoritarlar nazoratiga qay tarzda o’tib borishini kuzatamiz. Temir jag‘li, tishlari yaltiroq itlar to‘ng‘izlarni sadoqat bilan qo‘riqlab, boshqalarni og‘zini yopishga majbur qiladi.
Asar ramzlar, kodlar va yashirin ma’nolar bilan to‘la. Har bir qahramon juda muhim mujdalarni aytmoqchi bo‘ladi. “Hayvonot fermasi” – o‘qishga tavsiya etiladigan ajoyib antiutopik asar.
English:
“The only good human being is a dead one.”
“The animals listened first to Napoleon, then to Snowball, and could not make up their minds which was right; indeed, they always found themselves in agreement with the one who was speaking at the moment.”
“Napoleon was now never spoken of simply as "Napoleon." He was always referred to in formal style as "our Leader, Comrade Napoleon," and this pigs liked to invent for him such titles as Father of All Animals, Terror of Mankind, Protector of the Sheep-fold, Ducklings' Friend, and the like.”
“You would often hear one hen remark to another, "Under the guidance of our Leader, Comrade Napoleon, I have laid five eggs in six days"; or two cows, enjoying a drink at the pool, would exclaim, "Thanks to the leadership of Comrade Napoleon, how excellent this water tastes!”
“They knew that life nowadays was harsh and bare, that they were often hungry and often cold, and that they were usually working when they were not asleep. But doubtless it had been worse in the old days. They were glad to believe so.”
“ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL BUT SOME ANIMALS ARE MORE EQUAL THAN OTHERS”
“The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which”.
Above quotes are taken from George Orwell’s “Animal Farm” and it looks looks like it was written about animals, main characters are neither humans too. However, the work keeps reminding us about men’s affairs, it’s full of symbolism, allegory of lust for power, manipulating majority, keeping them in fear and under strict control.
In alcoholic farmer John’s farm animals hold secret meetings. They all gather around old pig Major to listen to his prophetic dreams of how animals will overthrow humans soon and all the inhabitants of the animal farm will be free and happy, they will never be hungry. And the old Major asks to remember also that in fighting against Man, they must not come to resemble him. “Even when you have conquered him, do not adopt his vices. No animal must ever live in a house, or sleep in a bed, or wear clothes, or drink alcohol, or smoke tobacco, or touch money, or engage in trade. All the habits of Man are evil. And, above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers. No animal must ever kill any other animal. All animals are equal” he says. But his descendants — pigs who take over the animal farm after the humans of the farm were kicked off does exactly the opposite of what Major bequeathed them.
The Seven commandments were set as a law for all the animals. Throughout the whole story we can observe that each and every commandment changes or fades away. For example, when Napoleon ordered to slaughter some animals accused for treason the sixth commandment which ran “No animal shall kill any other animal” was changed to “No animal shall kill any other animal WITHOUT CAUSE” and animals were made to believe that they forgot the last two words.
The novel is full of characters that remind us people of our surroundings, may be our colleagues, neighbors, friends… one of of them is a workaholic horse Boxer who “had made an arrangement with one of the cockerels to call him in the mornings half an hour earlier than anyone else, and would put in some volunteer labour at whatever seemed to be most needed, before the regular day's work began. His answer to every problem, every setback, was "I will work harder!" which he had adopted as his personal motto.” When becomes old and weak the horse is said to be sent to the nearby veterinary clinic, however the pigs treacherously sell him to a knacker in fact.
By stating that “The pigs had set aside the harness-room as a headquarters for themselves” the author masterfully describes what any ruling class likes to do: to claim that they have more rights to sit on harness.
We can also witness the metamorphosis of the atmosphere with full of healthy debates and competition to total autocratic control while dogs with brass-studded collars and snapping jaws loyally protect ruling pigs and keep everyone’s mouth shut.
The work is full of symbolism, codes and hidden messages. Every character in the novel tries to say something very important. It’s a highly recommended anti utopian read.