X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a technique, which is used to analyze the surface chemistry of a material. The XPS technique is also known as electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), which is a well-established method for the chemical characterization of material surfaces. The suppliers and manufacturers of both technical and commercial textiles are focusing on developing XPS as an ideal tool to support the optimization and development of the types of surface coating or treatment demanded by the consumers. Polymer meshes, such as polyester and polypropylene, are used for the surgical repair of hernias and other soft tissue defects.