Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by formation of cysts and tumors in different parts of the body. The symptoms associated with the disease depends upon the location of tumor.

Angiopoietin (ANG) receptor plays a crucial role in regulation of vascular permeability and pathological vascular remodelling during tumour angiogenesis, metastasis and inflammation. Thus, it has emerged as a new clinical approach for the development of therapeutics which treat cancer and ophthalmological diseases.

IgA Nephropathy is referred to being as the utmost causing agent of Glomerulonephritis, which is the inflammation of the glomeruli (part of the kidney that filters blood). IgA antibodies are produced by immune system and act as first line of defense against inhaled and ingested pathogens. IgA Nephropathy is an auto immune disorder caused due to the accumulation of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) which results in inflammation and further damages the glomeruli in kidney. This damage to kidney results in presence of blood and protein in urine, and over time may progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Peptides are structurally similar to protein, comprising of peptide bonds, but smaller than proteins. A peptide bond is formed when two amino acids are combined through amide formation (combination of carboxyl group of one amino acid and amino group of the other amino acid). Similarly, dipeptide is a molecule having two peptide bonds, tripeptide having three, and so on.

Schistosomiasis is an acute and chronic disease caused by parasitic worms of the genus Schistosoma, during routine domestic, occupational, agricultural, and recreational activities, which involves infested water exposure.

Recombinant biologic is an entity that includes wide range of therapeutics, such as blood and blood components, vaccines, tissues, gene therapy, and recombinant therapeutic proteins. A biologic can be comprised of protein, nucleic acids, and sugars. Recombinant biologics are the substances that produce similar biological actions as biologics, and are derived from genetically modified microorganisms.

Asperger syndrome is an autism spectrum disorder characterized by impaired communication skills and repetitive thoughts or behavior. Symptoms associated with the Asperger syndrome are lack of speech recognition skills, dislike for routine changes, avoidance of eye contacts, unusual facial expressions, and delayed motor development.