Plant Metabolomics in a Changing World in Plant Genetics and breeding
Metabolites are indispensable component of plant metabolism owing to their influence on plant biomass and architecture. In recent years, metabolomics has established itself as one of the major breakthroughs in science, paving the way for accurate metabolite profiling in microbes, plants and animals.
Metabolomics has the ability to detect a vast array of metabolites from a single extract, thus allowing speedy and precise analysis of metabolites. In other words, metabolomics offers a comprehensive view of cellular metabolites like small organic compounds, which participate in different cellular events, thus representing the absolute physiological state of a cell.
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Metabolites are the substrates, intermediates and products of metabolism. Within the context of metabolomics, a metabolite is usually defined as any molecule less than 1.5 kDa in size. However, there are exceptions to this depending on the sample and detection method. For example, macromolecules such as lipoproteins and albumin are reliably detected in NMR-based metabolomics studies of blood plasma.In plant-based metabolomics, it is common to refer to "primary" and "secondary" metabolites. A primary metabolite is directly involved in the normal growth, development, and reproduction
Clinical Metabolomics
Metabolomic disturbances have been associated with many human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Metabolomics provides a link between metabolic pathways and the upstream genome that governs them. With the advances in analytical technologies, metabolomics is becoming a powerful tool for identifying diagnostic biomarkers of diseases, elucidating the pathological mechanisms, discovering novel drug targets, predicting drug responses, interpreting the mechanisms of drug action, as well as enabling precision treatment of patients.
Metabolites
Metabolites are the substrates, intermediates and products of metabolism. Within the context of metabolomics, a metabolite is usually defined as any molecule less than 1.5 kDa in size.] However, there are exceptions to this depending on the sample and detection method. For example, macromolecules such as lipoproteins and albumin are reliably detected in NMR-based metabolomics studies of blood plasma. In plant-based metabolomics, it is common to refer to "primary" and "secondary" metabolites. A primary metabolite is directly involved in the normal growth, development, and reproduction. A secondary metabolite is not directly involved in those processes, but usually has important ecological function.
Metabonomics
Metabonomics is defined as "the quantitative measurement of the dynamic multiparametric metabolic response of living systems to pathophysiological stimuli or genetic modification". The word origin is from the Greek μεταβολή meaning change and nomos meaning a rule set or set of laws.
Metabolomics is also the study of small molecules which resides in cells, biofluids, and tissues. The studies are extensively conducted with an aim to analyze biochemical activities of these small molecules and their interactions with biological systems. Metabolomics has wide variety of applications in disease diagnosis, drug discovery, enzyme discovery, and others.
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