Neurological diseases are the diseases of the spine, brain, and the nerves that connect them and provides oxygenated blood. The neurovascular systems are highly dependent on the continuous supply of oxygen and nutrients, which has been supplied by the arteries and veins. The amount of oxygen and nutrients to the brain is essential for its working; therefore, a defect in the system can impair the function, and it may quickly become a life-threatening factor.
A biomarker, or biological marker, is a term used to describe any measurable biological indicator or characteristic that can reflect a physiological state, such as a protein, cell, gene, hormone, or other type of molecule. The study and use of biomarkers in medicine is nothing new. Some biomarkers are straightforward and can give a definitive yes or no answer in a wide time range. Other biomarkers are difficult to detect given the minute amount of the markers present, their fleeting presence, or their occurrence in a location that is challenging to access. This means that even when a clinically relevant biomarker has been discovered, it does not necessarily translate to a viable diagnostic test or therapy.
Biomarkers are the molecules that indicates about the presence of a disease. The biomarkers of the neurological diseases were not that accessible in earlier days, however the advancements in the technology has enabled to track the health condition of the brain by measuring the biomarkers. This helps in the earlier detection of a disease, less invasive diagnostics and enables faster drug development and is expected to be the effective treatment.