Ukrainian national dress.
Addition to history CBA1 project.
Elements of National Dress.
Women's clothing.
- Vyshyvanka is a shirt with embroidery on the neck, cuffs, sleeves and bottom. She was much longer than the man. Depending on the purpose, such embroidered shirts were made of expensive snow-white or cheap coarse cloth. Young girls wore them without outerwear, girded with a belt.
1. Litnyk — a striped bright woolen or semi-woolen skirt. They were made of white cloth in 5-6 cloths, laid in small folds and decorated with a wide horizontal strip of red woven ornament on the bottom.
2. Derga — a single-panel loose garment, most often made of home-made woolen . fabric. Derga had a significant number of options for woven patterns, color solutions, sizes and ways of wearing.
3. Zapaska — consisted of two pieces of thick plain cloth of different widths, usually black and blue. First, the back, wider and longer, black part was tied around the waist, and the second, narrower and shorter, blue part was fastened in front.
Men's clothing.
1. Gachi — the oldest all-Slavic names for men's pants. During the time of Kievan Rus, they consisted of two separate parts: the lower one, which covered the leg, and the upper one, which was attached to the waist with the help of a seam.
2. Sharovary — a term of Persian origin. Old wide trousers were a mandatory part of Zaporizhzhya Cossacks' clothing.
Shoes.
Lichaks — shoes woven from tree bark. These shoes consisted of a straight woven sole and loops on either side of the foot. L.'s leg was held with the help of a rope made of lyca or hemp, which was passed through the loops
Postols — Made from one piece of thick, but if possible soft cow or pig rawhide.
Sapian boots — festive women's boots made of special leather - sapian (red, green, yellow colors), with slightly raised toes, low heels and higher heels than men's boots. Clearly decorated with ornaments
Choboty — a stitched leather shoe that was known on the territory of Ukraine even in the days of ancient Kyiv.
Cherevyky — women's leather shoes with a low heel. They could be open or with a freebie that had lacing or buttons. They were decorated with rich ornaments made using various techniques.
Regarding clothing (both men's and women's) — I wrote only about the main types of clothing that are available in each region. You can learn more about the special elements of national clothing for each region from the sources.
Differences N.D. among regions.
Ukrainian traditional national costume reflects the artistic talent of Ukrainian women who create beautiful clothes for the whole family. All clothing elements are simple in form, rich in various decorations, saturated with bright colors. Working on the decoration of a shirt, skirt, headdress or other element, Ukrainian women used colors and images of native nature to glorify their lineage and to embody their dream of a beautiful future in ornaments.
Fabrics from which items of Ukrainian costume were sewn for centuries were usually light or white in color, because colorful embroidery, bright necklaces, ribbons and crowns looked especially picturesque against its background. Also, colored woolen fabrics, from which spare parts, sheets, belts and other clothes were usually sewn, went well with white.
In different regions of Ukraine, there are differences in the decoration and elements of clothing, but the general ensemble of the Ukrainian costume is well visible throughout its territory. This can be verified by considering the traditional Ukrainian costume of various regions, which was formed before the XIX - early XX centuries.
Some examples of UA national dress from different areas:
Jewelry.
The necklace was spread throughout the territory of Ukraine and had many varieties. The greatest value was a necklace made of expensive natural materials: coral, amber, pearls, garnets; as well as glass, smalt.
At that time, the Pysani potsʹorky were considered one of the most expensive. A blown necklace made of multicolored Murano glass was brought from Venice. It consisted mainly of one time. Round beads were painted by hand with colored enamels and inlaid with gold.
Salba is a neck ornament, worn mainly in Bukovina. The fabric served as the basis, on which coins, mostly silver, were attached. The number of sewn coins often exceeded twelve rows.
Dukach (lychman) – The coin was hung from a metal bow decorated with stones. Also, instead of coins, metal images with the image of the Mother of God and saints were used, which were often made in workshops at monasteries. Dukach was always worn over the necklace in the most visible place.
Zgarda is a traditional Hutsul ornament of cult significance. Its basis consists of cast copper crosses, in the spaces between them there are tubes or spirals made of brass or copper. They were strung on a strap, lace or dart, from one to three times.
Beads jewelry became widespread in a significant part of the western regions of Ukraine and in some areas of the north and center. The names of clothing ornaments come from the technique of stringing beads.
History of Ukrainian National Dress.
Between 5500 and 2750 BC. e. the flowering of Trypil culture, which still has a great influence on the culture of Ukraine, including the national dress.
Information about Ukrainian clothing of the 15th — 16th centuries. contain such sources as images on icons, descriptions in literary monuments, especially in the memoirs of travelers, ambassadors, in business acts and documents. However, this information is not enough to give a general description of the development of Ukrainian clothing in that period. They allow to establish only its types for certain localities and not always for all sections of the population.
17th century Ruthenians, both women and men, wear brown, home-made outerwear. The nobility and townspeople wore blue. The Ukrainian Cossacks wore white outerwear in the warm season and ankle-length white coats in winter, which were decorated with colored leather straps (red, yellow, brown, etc.) along all the seams and looked very beautiful. In winter, only coats were worn, and in summer, only shirts were worn.
18th century Outer clothing was worn, and some still wear, such as the Circassian women, i.e. jupka with laces, and on top a long kaftan with a short bodice and kuntushi. On the head they wore a round ochepok or a collection, which was wrapped with haze on the top, and they also wore kybalki wrapped with haze, which were similar to Russian kokoshniks, only they were higher from the front. Some wore small boat caps made of silk or sable. In the horse 18th century the nobility began to wear long outerwear, with an interception, similar to an English Rembront with a smooth back and long sleeves. Also, some people started to wear German clothes at that time.
1922 The formation of the USSR, the destruction of the peculiarities of cultures, attempts to "mix" them together.
On June 28, 1996, the Constitution of Ukraine was adopted. It was then that the Basic Law of Ukraine was put into effect, which defined strong presidential power, the status of the Ukrainian language as the only state language, and also approved the state symbols.
Sources.
Yunist https://cutt.ly/E2Ja40z
EtnoHata https://cutt.ly/32Ja566
Vzhe-Vzhe https://cutt.ly/U2Jsw6Z
Igotoworld https://cutt.ly/M2JsQd5
Naurok https://cutt.ly/p2JsEWh
Vogue https://cutt.ly/Z2JsT11
Traditions https://cutt.ly/O2JsUM2
Wikiwand https://cutt.ly/M2JsP2H
Etno Dim https://cutt.ly/12JsSO2
Hutsul Museum https://cutt.ly/A2JsFM0
Facebook https://cutt.ly/72JsH4e
Wikipedia https://cutt.ly/e2JsKqj
Sovfarfor https://cutt.ly/o2JsLBR
SPADOK https://cutt.ly/Q2JsVGs