One belt – one end.

China is the world's main creditor.

China's investment policy is aimed at third world countries within the framework of the 1 Belt – 1 Road project. Its goal is to enter the sales markets of developed countries in Europe and America with a solvent population. The main investments are in logistics (railways and ports) and energy (mainly hydroelectric power plants). At the same time, China has a more lenient credit policy compared to its competitors – the Central Bank's rate is decreasing and remains at 3%, which makes it an attractive partner within the framework of capitalism. But cheap loans do not reduce the technical gap in poor countries. They lag even further behind the developed ones. They are even further behind the developed countries.

The ratio of GDP of various countries to debt to China.China invests in developing countries and buys up their assets to create a «belt» and to develop the necessary infrastructure and part of its logistics.

This is more profitable than loans from the IMF, which, being «free, are issued only when neoliberal reforms are carried out. However, for countries without minimal industrialization or access to energy resources, subsidies will become a route to debt bondage.

There are concerns that China may seize the assets of countries that are unable to pay off their debts. This will definitively subordinate one region or another to Beijing's interests, which the direct competitor, the United States, is very worried about.

However, a 2020 Johns Hopkins University study, found that between 2000 and 2019, China cancelled $3,4 billion worth of debts in Africa, with debts of another $15 billion. have been restructured or refinanced. China did not take any assets.

Investments – resources and logistics are cheap.

China's main partners over the past 5 years have been Saudi Arabia and Indonesia.

The former started active cooperation with China in 2006, before that the trade turnover between the countries was about 500 million. USD per year.³ By 2000, the total amount of all investments had grown to 3 billion USD⁴, and by 2021 it reached 88 billion. USD, having increased more than 22 times in two decades.⁵ The volume of trade between the countries continued to grow, and in 2022 the trade turnover amounted to 106 billion USD. In 2022, China's trade with Saudi Arabia grew four times more than with the rest of the world. By the first half of 2022, the Kingdom had become China's main foreign investment destination. The Kingdom's share was estimated at 5,5 billion. USD out of a total of USD 28,5 billion, which is 20% of China's total investment.⁶

(Source) Indonesia has started active cooperation with China relatively recently. In general, ASEAN is now the main place for Chinese investments and asset purchases to create logistics and profitable enterprises, such as the same branches of Sinopec, CNPC, Huawei, automakers and others. In 2024, China had a trade turnover of 1 trillion USD⁷ with these countries. Investments and asset purchases over the past 5 years have amounted to USD 22 billion.⁸

About 140 billion were invested in Indonesia in 2025. USD of investments.

Both countries are able to provide China with cheap energy resources. Hence the reasons for such an interest in establishing warm relations. China buys assets to build infrastructure and expand either into profitable areas of the economy or into necessary logistics.

But Beijing is not only interested in Africa and the Middle East. The Belt and Road Initiative is trying to attract the solvent markets of Europe, which should ensure the payback of the project and, consequently, the profits of Chinese capital. Beijing strives to improve relations and takes every chance:

China has responded to unprecedented U.S. tariffs. Beijing has invited the EU to unite against Donald Trump's trade pressure and raised tariffs on American goods to 125%. Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed rapprochement to Europe at a meeting with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez, who supported the idea. The Chinese Ministry of Finance noted that they would ignore further retaliatory increases from Washington.⁹

Wild eagle and cunning tiger will fight.

«Wild eagle and cunning tiger will fightThere are 40 000 000 armed men in the world today, and our statesmen and diplomats brazenly say that war is not being started. Damn it! Are these 40 000 000 men trained to be dancers?».

Smedley D. Butler «War is just a racket».

«American imperialism is losing the race in the economic field. The United States is beginning to use the «weapon of the weak» – protectionism. 10 years ago, before Trump's first term, the country was in favor of maximally open trade. Source.

Control over the sources of raw materials is already being lost – most supplier countries have already established a strict focus on China, and in case of disagreement they are guaranteed to side with it. Of course, American TNCs are still present in Africa, Latin America, Oceania and Asia, but the dependence of these regions on China, as well as the ability to replace US goods, has already been secured for them. Relations between Beijing and Washington are cooling and escalating: from 2000 to 2020, investments amounted to USD 200 billion, over the next five years – only USD 10 billion.¹¹

Since China is the main source of rare earth metals for the United States, especially those needed in the military-industrial complex. In this area, the Chinese government is refocusing its corporations on domestic needs. Hence the desire of the United States to conquer the same rare earth metals in Ukraine.

China's main goal is to capture cheap resources in South America, Africa, Asia and Indonesia, on the Arabian Peninsula, create logistics, and transfer the most primitive industries to some countries of the 3-rd world, and finally capture the most solvent and «high-tech» markets in Europe, pulling them over to its side economically. The United States, having been a hegemon for a long time, will prevent its competitor from winning at any cost.

The sanctions war. Briefly.

So, the sanctions war in the acute phase began in the first period of Trump, affecting trade duties on goods from China. It would be preferable for the United States to receive only resources from there, rather than ready-made competitive products. There was no weakening under Biden, which demonstrates the solidarity of the main US TNCs in maintaining their dominance in the world. The next stage came with Trump's reappointment. The rapid growth in the beginning can be attributed to the desire of Trump and his entourage to speculate, having an insider on the topic of such a change. However, there has been another increase in duties, and a backlash from China.

Europe and the United States are preparing for a new redivision of the planet. Fascization.

Some of these revenues are growing due to the demand for weapons, but there is also a real, very powerful increase in production itself:

Enterprises of the military-industrial complex (MIC) in Europe are increasing production at an unprecedented pace, writes the Financial Times. Since the beginning of the military conflict in Ukraine, the area of such enterprises has grown by 7 million. square meters, and the rate of capacity expansion is three times higher than that observed earlier.

The US Army has almost tripled the production of 155 mm. howitzer shells since the beginning of the armed conflict in Ukraine, millions of which were sent to the front lines of this country. Europe is becoming a source of currency for building up the military potential of the United States. The abandonment of allied relations in favor of unequal exchange is rapidly underway. For the countries of the periphery and semi-periphery, an increase in spending on the military-industrial complex means a drop in the already low standard of living, which naturally generates social conflicts.

It is precisely the class antagonism within the societies of these countries that is exacerbating this. In conditions when the world powers are not engaged in war, their intervention is possible, but the upcoming conflict, just like the previous two, makes it possible to fight for socialist ideas, as was the case in Vietnam.

In the current reality, capitalists need to strengthen their rear areas. If there is a desire to participate in a global conflict and increase pressure on the postcolonial world in order to obtain more cheap resources, the popularization of anti-war and communist movements will begin.

Capitalists all over the world are aggressively promoting a right-wing agenda. The countries of developed capitalism are pushing the population towards fascization.

England is an example of this:

Almost 150 000 people took part in the «Unite the Kingdom» march, which took place in London, the capital of Great Britain, on September 13. One of the organizers of the march was the far-right activist Tommy Robinson.

The obscurantism took place with the connivance of the government: British Labour Prime Minister Keir Starmer stressed on September 14 that people have the right to peaceful protest.

In addition to all of the above, there is an active expansion of PMCs in the world, and in the countries of the 3rd world – banal militaristic groups supported through the government or by local large, often criminal businesses.

China is not lagging behind the trends. Militarization.

The PRC has already officially recognized the existence of two external military bases,¹² in Djibouti and Cambodia, and it is already planning to increase their number to 5.¹³ Rumors have long been circulating about the construction of a military base in Tajikistan.¹⁴

This approach could well be explained by the desire to secure the very logistics through which China will continue to economically dominate the occupied regions and enrich itself as an imperialist creditor.

The emphasis of the Chinese military-industrial complex is on building up the potential of the PLA, as a result of which it is easier to exclude the factor of speculation on arms exports to other countries. Military spending in China increased to 313 658 30 million US dollars in 2024 from 296 821 40 million US dollars in 2023.

Military spending in China averaged 101 716 34 million US dollars from 1989 to 2023, reaching an all-time high of 296 438 60 million US dollars in 2023 and an all-time low of 9 802 40 million US dollars in 1991.

«WZ: The Pentagon is increasing production of the F-35, but the United States can no longer catch up with China in terms of the number of combat aircraft».

«China is rapidly building warships. Satellite images show the scale».

Live the Third World War!

Since the imperialists are blackmailing all of humanity with the threat of war, the right answer to this challenge is to stop being afraid of war. The common tactic of the peoples should be constant and decisive attacks on the imperialists wherever there is a confrontation. What task should we solve where the miserable, hard-to-bear «peace» has not yet been violated? Liberation at any cost.

– Che Guevara. «A message to the peoples of the world... To the Conference of Three Continents».

Under the conditions of imperialism, a new crisis of overproduction and the redistribution of the world is immediately brewing in the world.

China, which is clearly superior to the United States in terms of production, forces the latter to switch to protectionism, which in turn makes trade with them unprofitable and leads to a reorientation of the world towards China. At the same time, the monopolies of the United States are clearly not going to just give up the markets of Europe that they have secured for themselves, and they are trying to keep them by idealistically trying to speculate on an already openly reactionary agenda.