12. Pronouns इदम् (this) and तद् (that)

When persons or objects are near, the forms of इदम् pronoun are used.

When persons or objects are far, the forms of तद् pronoun are used.

Masculine Gender

अयम् (this), इमौ (these two), इमे (these)

सः (that), तौ (those two), ते (those)

अयं बालः। सः बालः।

ayaṃ bālaḥ saḥ bālaḥ This is a boy. That is a boy.

इमौ बालौ। तौ बालौ।

imau bālau tau bālau These two are boys. Those two are boys.

इमे बालाः। ते बालाः।

ime bālāḥ te bālāḥ These are boys. Those are boys.

Feminine Gender

इयम् (this), इमे (these two), इमाः (these)

सा (that), ते (those two), ताः (those)

इयं बाला। सा बाला।

iyaṃ bālā sā bālā This is a girl. That is a girl.

इमे बाले। ते बाले।

ime bāle te bāle These two are girls. Those two are girls.

इमाः बालाः। ताः बालाः।

imāḥ bālāḥ tāḥ bālāḥ These are girls. Those are girls.

Neuter Gender

इदम् (this), इमे (these two), इमानि (these)

तत् (that), ते (those two), तानि (those)

इदं फलम्। तत् फलम्।

idaṃ phalam tat phalam This is a fruit. That is a fruit.

इमे फले। ते फले।

ime phale te phale These two are fruits. Those two are fruits.

इमानि फलानि। तानि फलानि।

imāni phalāni tāni phalāni These are fruits. Those are fruits.