(213) Гири и весы США
Этот разновес общим весом 1 килограмм был получен из Франции Управлением мер и весов Соединенных Штатов в 1852 году. Наибольший вес - 500 г; Наименьшее - 1 г.Подробнее - https://www.nist.gov/nvl/french-nested-weights
Коромысло весов. John Edwards (ca. 1671–1746)Смотреть - https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/14322?searchField=All&sortBy=Relevance&ft=scales&offset=0&rpp=40&pos=3
Разновес, изготовленный Алланом Поллаком в Бостоне в 1836 году.Однако одна из двадцати восьми гирь - стандартный 1 тройский фунт - была скопирована суперинтендантом Хасслером в Вашингтоне с тройского фунта Монетного двора США. В описи, прикрепленной к внутренней стороне крышки разновеса, есть подпись Хасслера. Это говорит о том, что разновес, возможно, был заказан Хасслером и изготовлен исходя из стандарта 1 тройского фунта, который он предоставил. Хасслер, возможно, разрешил контракты на некоторые из работ Coast Survey по выпуску массовых разновесов для таможни и штатов.Смотреть - https://www.nist.gov/nvl/troy-mass-standardsДве позолоченные латунные гири 26 и 13 грамм. Изготовлены для использования на таможне для взвешивания образцов сахара при приготовлении раствора для поляриметров.
Смотреть - https://www.nist.gov/nvl/sugar-weights
Образцовые гири. США.
U.S. Standard Weights
These cylindrical brass weights are part of a set of standards prepared by the United States government. They weigh one pound Troy, one pound, two pounds, three pounds, four pounds, five pounds, ten pounds, and twenty pounds. A knob at the top of each weight makes it easier to lift. The set also includes a weight lifter.
All the knobs are stamped with an image of an American eagle. Those in this set, except for the Troy weight, are marked: 69. A mark on the knob for the Troy weight reads: 9. The weights fit into cavities in a velvet-lined wooden case. The amount of each weight is indicated on a paper tag attached to the base of the corresponding cavity. The United States government began distributing weights to the states in about 1845. When the weights were transferred to the Smithsonian from the Bureau of Standards in 1929, correspondence in the files suggests that they were of the type distributed before the Civil War.
DATE MADE - circa 1850
MAKER - United States Office of Weights and Measures
PLACE MADE - United States
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
brass (overall material)
wood (overall material)
MEASUREMENTS
2 lb. weight: 2 1/16 in x 2 1/16 in; 5.23875 cm x 5.23875 cm 2 lb. weight knob: 5/8 in; 1.5875 cm troy weight: 1 1/2 in x 1 1/2 in; 3.81 cm x 3.81 cm 1 lb. weight knob: 7/16 in; 1.11125 cm troy weight knob: 1/2 in; 1.27 cm 1 lb. weight: 1 5/8 in x 1 5/8 in; 4.1275 cm x 4.1275 cm overall in case: 9 1/4 in x 11 1/8 in x 17 1/2 in; 23.495 cm x 28.2575 cm x 44.45 cm
Подробнее - http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1706
Explore our historic weights and balances for World Standards Day
By Deborah Warner, October 12, 2016
When you pay for a pound of chocolates, how do you know if you get a pound, no more and no less? Do you rely on the goodness of the market, or do you trust the system? In recognition of World Standards Day (October 14), we call attention to some historic weights and balances in the National Museum of American History.
Commercial standards were important in ancient Rome and China, highlighted in the Magna Carta, and used in many European markets. The early laws of Virginia, typical of many, state that "no Goods may be bought or sold in this Colony, by other Weights or Measures than the English Standard only."
According to the Constitution (Article 1, Section 8), Congress has the power to establish the American standards of weights and measures. George Washington thought such standards were of great importance. So too did Thomas Jefferson, who prepared a "Plan for Establishing Uniformity in the Coinage, Weights, and Measures of the United States." But Congress was reluctant to address the matter, and so Americans bumbled along as best they could.
Until the establishment of the income tax in 1913, taxes paid on goods coming into the country provided the bulk of the federal budget. In 1830, in response to rumors about irregularities in the Custom House standards, Congress asked the Secretary of the Treasury to look into the matter. The task fell to Ferdinand Rudolph Hassler, a Swiss immigrant well trained in science and mathematics. When Hassler found that imported goods weighed and measured differently from one port to another, and thus paid a different amount of tax, he was hired to produce new standards for the nation’s several Custom Houses. This project soon expanded to include standards for the states and territories. In 1901, the federal Office of Weights and Measures became a key component of the newly organized National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology).
In 1838, recognizing that weights are best used in conjunction with appropriate balances, Congress asked the Office of Weights and Measures to provide precise balances for the states and territories.
Through frequent use and careless handling, balances can get out of alignment and weights can lose some of their weight. And so there are community officials who conduct tests on a regular basis. In 1817, for instance, having been named Boston's "Sealer of Weights and Measures," Allan Pollock notified city residents that they must send him all their "scale beams, steelyards, weights, and measures" for adjustment agreeable to the recent Act of the Legislature.
Deborah Warner is a curator of the Physical Sciences Collection who writes about history, science, and culture. Her interest in standards was stimulated when, as a student in Cambridge, she learned about measuring the Harvard Bridge across the Charles River in units of Smoots.
Взвешивание табака на равноплечих весах в порту.
- Компания Angldile Computing Scale. Элкхарт, штат Индиана - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/541795.html
- Компании Becker & Sons, Becker Brothers, Christopher Becker, Christian Becker, Christian Becker, Inc - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/698764.html
- "CENCO" - CENTRAL SCIENTIFIC COMPANY. Чикаго - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/700541.html
- Фирма EIMER & AMEND. NEW YORK. Нью - Йорк - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/701884.html
- Компания Gorham Silver (Джон Горхэм). Провиденс - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/560337.html
- Компания "Фербенкс". США, штат Вермонт (Fairbanks Scales) - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/11139.html
- Фирма Chas. Forschner & Son, New Britain , Conn. U.S.A. - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/408136.html
- Производство "W & L. E. GURLEY TROY N.Y. U.S." - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/488333.html
- Фирма F.T. Knight, Inc. Boston. Бостон - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/688310.html
- Фирма "Landers, Frary & Clark" - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/90623.html
- Компания весов "Buffalo" (Buffalo Scale Company) - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/299121.html
- Фирма "DAYTON". США, штат Огайо - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/266755.html
- Завод весов фирмы "Jones of Binghamton" (Е. Джонс). Бингемтон - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/506053.html
- Фирма Micrometer Balance Scale Co. Troy, N.Y. - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/668564.html
- Национальная специализированная компания магазинных весов, Пенсильвания, Ланкастер - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/286055.html
- Компания Peck Stow & Wilcox Co. Southington, Connecticut - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/539746.html
- Компания "Pelouze Manufacturing Co." Чикаго - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/284000.html
- Почтовые портативные пружинные весы марки Postamatic - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/709182.html
- Компания "Howe Scale Co". - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/83995.html
- Компания "Hanson Scale Company". Chicago - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/625489.html
- Компания E.H. Sargent Co. Chicago - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/651010.html
- Компания Specialty Mfg. Co., Сент-Пол, Миннесота - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/655983.html
- Компания Simmons Hardware. Сент-Луис - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/506169.html
- Фирма William Schmolz. San Francisco - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/708218.html
- Tiffany Studios. New York - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/709526.html
- Компания "TOLEDO" - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/285260.html
- Завод весов фирмыTurnbull. Нью-Йорк - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/614044.html
- Фирма HENRY TROEMNER INC. США, Филадельфия - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/404764.html
- Компания «John Chatillon & Sons, Inc» - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/292588.html
- Компания "Wilcox Silver Plate Co. Мериден, Коннектикут - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/560685.html
- Сувенирные почтовые весы фирмы Chevrolet - https://teletype.in/@funtofil/627785.html